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1、.Chapter1ComputersandDigitalBasics1A“AllThingsDigital”1.Dataprocessingwasthecomputingtechnologybehindthefirstphaseofthedigitalrevolution.2.Localsoftwarereferstoanysoftwarethatisinstalledonacomputer’sharddrive.3.Acomputernetworkisagroupofcomputerslinkedtogethertosharedataandresources.4.Theprocess
2、ofconvertingtext,numbers,sound,photos,orvideointodatathatcanbeprocessedbyacomputeriscalleddigitization.5.Cloudcomputingprovidesaccesstoinformation,applications,communications,andstorageovertheInternet.1B“DigitalDevices”–computerbasics1.Acomputerisadigitaldevicethatprocessesdataaccordingtoaseries
3、ofstoredinstructionscalledaprogramorsoftware.1.Computerdataistemporarilystoredinmemory,butisusuallytransferredtostoragewhereitcanbeleftonamorepermanentbasis.2.Personalcomputersareavailableindesktopandportablemodels.3.Adigitaldevice,suchasacomputer,iscalleda(n)client,whenitrequestsdatafromaserver
4、.4.A(n)microcontrollerisaspecial-purposemicroprocessorthatisbuiltintothemachineitcontrols.5.Acomputeracceptsinput,processesdata,storesdata,andproducesoutput,accordingtoaseriesofinstructions.1C“DigitalDataRepresentation”1.Datarepresentationreferstotheformatinwhichdataisstored,processed,andtransfe
5、rred.2.Digitaldevicesoftenusethebinarynumbersystemtorepresentnumericdata.3.MostcomputersuseUnicodeorExtendedASCIIcodetorepresentcharacterdata.(Hint:Usetheacronym.)4.KBistheabbreviationforKilobyte.1D“DigitalProcessing”1.A(n)compilerconvertsallofthesourcecodeinstructionsintoanewfilecontainingobjec
6、tcode.2.Amicroprocessorishard-wiredtoperformasetofactivitiescalleda(n)instructionset.范文.1.TheALUinyourcomputer’smicroprocessorholdsdatainregister.2.Themicroprocessor’scontrolunitcontainsa(n)instructionpointer<指令指针>thatholdstheaddressoftheinstructionbeingexecuted.3.Thehuman-readableversionofaprog
7、ram,createdinahigh-levellanguagebyaprogrammer,iscalledsourcecode.4.TheALUinyourcomputer’smicroprocessorperformsarithmeticandlogicaloperations.5.Themicroprocessor’scontrolunitfetcheseachinstruction.1E“PasswordSecurity”1.Anaut
