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1、托福阅读模拟题（九）文章出处：学生大考试站发布时间：2006-4-28 Peopleappeartobeborntocompute.Thenumericalskillofchildrendevelopsoearlyandsoinexorablythatitiseasytoimagineaninternalclockofmathematicalmaturityguidingtheirgrowth.Notlongafterlearningtowalkandtalk,theycansetthetablewithimpressiveaccuracy——oneplate,oneknife,ones
2、poon,onefork,foreachofthefivechairs.Soontheyarecapableofnotingthattheyhaveplacedfiveknives,spoons,andforksonthetableand,ahitlater,thatthisamountstofifteenpiecesofsilverware.Havingthusmasteredaddition,theymoveontosubtraction.Itseemsalmostreasonabletoexpectthatifachildweresecludedonadesertislandatbi
3、rthandretrievedsevenyearslater,heorshecouldenterasecond-grademathematicsclasswithoutanyseriousproblemsofintellectualadjustment. Ofcourse,thetruthisnotsosimple.Thiscentury,theworkofcognitivepsychologistshasilluminatedthesubtleformsofdailylearningonwhichintellectualprogressdepends.Childrenwereobser
4、vedastheyslowlygrasped——or,asthecasemightbe,bumpedinto——conceptsthatadultstakeforgranted,astheyrefused,forinstance,toconcedethatquantityisunchangedaswaterpoursfromashortstoutglassintoatallthinone.Psychologistshavesincedemonstratedthatyoungchildren,askedtocountthepencilsinapile,readilyreportthenumb
5、erofblueorredpencils,butmustbecoaxedintofindingthetotal.Suchstudieshavesuggestedthattherudimentsofmathematicsaremasteredgradually,andwitheffort.Theyhavealsosuggestedthattheveryconceptofabstractnumbers——theideaofaoneness,atwoness,athreenessthatappliestoanyclassofobjectsandisaprerequisitefordoingany
6、thingmoremathematicallydemandingthansettingatable——isitselffarfrominnate. 31.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss? (A)Trendsinteachingmathematicstochildren (B)Theuseofmathematicsinchildpsychology (C)Thedevelopmentofmathematicalabilityinchildren (D)Thefundamentalconceptsofmathematicsthatchildrenmus
7、tlearn 32.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatchildrennormallylearnsimplecounting (A)soonaftertheylearntotalk (B)bylookingattheclock (C)whentheybegintobemathematicallymature (D)aftertheyreachsecondgradeinschool
