sat2生物单词大整理.doc

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1、Mutagen（诱变剂）：Anyagentthatinducesgeneticmutation.Examples：certainchemicalsubstances，ultraviolet，light，radioactivity.Mutation（突变）：ApermanentinheritablealterationintheDNAsequenceorcontentofacell.Mycelium（菌丝体）：Thefilamentousmassthatmakesupamold.Composedofhyphae.narrowspectrum（窄谱）：Denotesdrugsth

2、atareselectiveandlimitedintheireffects.Forexample，theyinhibiteithergram-negativeorgram-positivebacteria，butnotboth.negativestain（负染色）：Astainingtechniquethatrendersthebackgroundopaqueorcoloredandleavestheobjectunstainedsothatitisoutlinedasacolorlessareanitrogenfixation（固氮）：Aprocessoccurringi

3、ncertainbacteriainwhichatmosphericNagasisconvertedtoaform（NH^usablebyplants.Nucleocapsid（核衣壳）：Inviruses，theclosephysicalcombinationofthenucleicacidwithitsprotectivecovering.Nucleoid（拟核）：Thebasophilicnuclearregionornuclearbodythatcontainsthebacterialchromosome.Nutrient（营养物质）：Anychemicalsubst

4、ancethatmustbeprovidedtoacellfornormalmetabolismandgrowth.Macronutrientsarerequiredinlargeamounts，andmicronutrientsinsmallamounts.Obligate（专性的）：Withoutalternative；restrictedtoaparticularcharacteristic.Example：Anobligateparasitesurvivesandgrowsonlyinahost；anobligateaerobemusthaveoxygentogrow

5、；anobligateanaerobeisdestroyedbyoxygen.Parasite（寄生）：Anorganismthatlivesonorwithinanotherorganism（thehost），fromwhichitobtainsnutrientsandenjoysprotection.Theparasiteproducessomedegreeofharminthehostindirectlybydonationofpreformedimmunesubstances（antibodies）producedinthebodyofanotherIndividua

6、l.Pasteurization（巴斯德消毒）：Heattreatmentofperishablefluidssuchasmilk，fruitjuices，orwinetodestroyheat-sensitivevegetativecells，followedbyrapidchillingtoinhibitgrowthofsurvivorsandgerminationofspores.Itpreventsinfectionandspoilage.Pathogen（病原体）：Anyagent，usuallyavirus，bacterium，fungus，protozoan，o

7、rhelminth，thatcausesdisease.Saprophytes（腐生型）Organismsthatobtaintheirnutrientsfromdecayingplantsandanimals.Saprophytesareimportantinrecyclingorganicmaterial.Pathogenidty（致病性）：Thecapacityofmicrobestocausedisease.Pathology（病原学）：Thestructuralandphysiological