高中英语 Unit1 The world of our senses文化背景 牛津译林版必修3.doc

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1、江苏省常州市西夏墅中学高中英语Unit1Theworldofoursenses文化背景牛津译林版必修3KyotoProtocolTheKyotoProtocolisaninternationalagreementlinkedtotheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange.ThemajorfeatureoftheKyotoProtocolisthatitsetsbindingtargetsfor37industrializedcountriesandtheEuropeancomm

2、unityforreducinggreenhousegas(GHG)emissions.Theseamounttoanaverageoffivepercentagainst1990levelsoverthefive-yearperiod2008-2012.ThemajordistinctionbetweentheProtocolandtheConventionisthatwhiletheConventionencouragedindustrialisedcountriestostabilizeGHGemissions,theProto

3、colcommitsthemtodoso.RecognizingthatdevelopedcountriesareprincipallyresponsibleforthecurrenthighlevelsofGHGemissionsintheatmosphereasaresultofmorethan150yearsofindustrialactivity,theProtocolplacesaheavierburdenondevelopednationsundertheprincipleof“commonbutdifferentiate

4、dresponsibilities.”TheKyotoProtocolwasadoptedinKyoto,Japan,on11December1997andenteredintoforceon16February2005.184PartiesoftheConventionhaveratifieditsProtocoltodate.ThedetailedrulesfortheimplementationoftheProtocolwereadoptedatCOP7inMarrakeshin2001,andarecalledthe“Marr

5、akeshAccords.”TheKyotomechanismsUndertheTreaty,countriesmustmeettheirtargetsprimarilythroughnationalmeasures.However,theKyotoProtocoloffersthemanadditionalmeansofmeetingtheirtargetsbywayofthreemarket-basedmechanisms.TheKyotomechanismsare:Emissionstrading–knownas“thecarb

6、onmarket"Cleandevelopmentmechanism(CDM)Jointimplementation(JI).ThemechanismshelpstimulategreeninvestmentandhelpPartiesmeettheiremissiontargetsinacost-effectiveway.TheKyotoProtocolisgenerallyseenasanimportantfirststeptowardsatrulyglobalemissionreductionregimethatwillstab

7、ilizeGHGemissions,andprovidestheessentialarchitectureforanyfutureinternationalagreementonclimatechange.BytheendofthefirstcommitmentperiodoftheKyotoProtocolin2012,anewinternationalframeworkneedstohavebeennegotiatedandratifiedthatcandeliverthestringentemissionreductionsth

8、eIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)hasclearlyindicatedareneeded.