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1、直接引语和间接引语一.定义交际中我们常常需要引述别人说的话，一种是一字不差地直接引用别人的话，放在引号内，称为直接引语（TheDirectSpeech）,另一种是间接地引述别人的话，称为间接引语(TheIndirectSpeech)。例如：Hesaid,“Iwillchooseabookfrommystudents.”他说：“我将为学生选一本书。”=Hesaidthathewouldchooseabookfromhisstudent.他说他将为学生选一本书。二.直接引语与间接引语的转化1.标点符号的变化：Hesaid
2、tome,“Don’tliveinLondon!”=HetoldmenottoliveinLondon.2.语序的变化：疑问语序变为陈述语序。Hesaidtome,“DoyouliveinLondon?”=Heaskedmeif/whetherIlivedinLondon.3.动词的变化：say(to)在陈述句中多变为tell等词，在疑问句中多变为ask等词，在祈使句中表示命令多变为tell,order等词，表请求时多变为ask等词。Hesaidtome,“CouldyoupleaseliveinLondon?”=H
3、easkedmeif/whetherIcouldliveinLondon.=HeaskedmetoliveinLondon.4.连接词的变化：连接词1.陈述句用that连接Hesaidtome,“IliveinLondon.”=HetoldmethathelivedinLondon.2.一般（选择，反意）疑问句用if或whether连接lHesaidtome,“DoyouliveinLondon?”=Heaskedmeif/whetherIlivedinLondon.lHeaskedme,“DoyouliveinLo
4、ndonorParis?”=Heaskedmeif/whetherIlivedinLondonorParis.lHeaskedme,“YouliveinLondon,don’tyou?”=Heaskedmeif/whetherIlivedinLondon.3.特殊疑问句仍用原来的特殊疑问词连接Hesaidtome,“WhendoyouliveinLondon?”=HeaskedmewhenIlivedinLondon.5.时态的变化：时态变化1.如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态，间接引语中的动词时态保持不变。lHe
5、says,“IliveinLondon.”=HesaysthathelivesinLondon.lHesays,“IhavelivedinLondonforyears.”=HesaysthathehaslivedinLondonforyears.2.如果主句中的谓语动词是过去时态，间接引语中的动词时态作如下变化：一般现在时---一般过去时一般将来时---过去将来时现在完成时---过去完成时现在进行时---过去进行时一般过去时---过去完成时lHesaid,“IliveinLondon.”=Hesaidthatheli
6、vedinLondon.lHesaid,“IamlivinginLondonnow.”=HesaidthathewaslivinginLondonthen.lHesaid,“IwillliveinLondonnextyear.”=HesaidthathewouldliveinLondonthenextyear.lHesaid,“IlivedinLondonforyears.”=HesaidthathehadlivedinLondonforyears.3.但是过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时保持不变。lHesaid,
7、“WhenIsawher,shewaslivinginLondon.”=HesaidthatwhenhesawhershewaslivinginLondon.lHesaid,“WhenIgottoLondon,shehadlivedthereforyears.”=HesaidthatwhenhegottoLondon,shehadlivedthereforyears.4.表示过去具体年份的状语不变。lHesaid,“Iwasbornin1956.”=Hesaidthathewasbornin1956.5.表示真理，格
8、言，谚语等不受时间限制的句子不变。lHesaid,“Theearthturnsaroundthesun.”=Hesaidthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.6.强调所谈情况仍然存在时不变。lShesaidthatthebusleavesat5:40.(公交车尚未开走)lHetoldmethatheworksasateac
