认知语言学：框架与脚本.ppt

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1、contentsFrameandperspectiveTheframenotion:differentconceptionsandrelatedconceptsFromframestoscripts:flyingonaplaneTherestaurantscriptFrameandperspectiveThenotionofframewasintroducedintolinguisticsbyCharlesFillmoreinthemiddleofthe1970sbasedonhisbynowc

2、lassicexample,the"commercialevent"frame.B(goods)A(buyer)C(money)D(seller)Figure5.1The[BUY]frame(afterFillmore1977a:104)buyFrameandperspectiveExamples:(1)DavidboughtanoldshirtfromJohnfortenpounds.(2)JohnsoldanoldshirttoDavidfortenpounds.(3)Johncharged

3、Davidtenpoundsforanoldshirt.(4)DavidpaidtenpoundstoJohnforanoldshirt.Inthissentenceallfourcomponentsofthe[BUY]frameareTheassignmentofsyntacticrolesisgovernedbythechoiceoftheverbbuy,whichisthesyntacticperspective.FrameandperspectiveThenotionofperspect

4、ivereliesontheprincipleofprominence,thatisonfigure/groundsegregation.The[BUY]frameisnotjustausefultoolforthesyntacticdescriptionoftheverbbuy,butitcanalsobeappliedtotheverbssell,chargeandpay.Thedifferencebetweenthefourverbsissimplyachangeofperspective

5、withinthesameframe.FrameandperspectiveFrameandperspectiveThetwoverbsbuyandpaydescribethecomercialeventfromtheBUYER'sperspective,whilesellandchargeperspectivizethesituationfromtheSELLER'spointofview.FrameandperspectiveThisisafirstsignthattheframeappro

6、achgoesbeyondthefigureandgroundapproachinthatitpaysmoreattentiontothelessprominentpartsofsentenceslikeadverbials.Theframenotion:differentconceptionsandrelatedconceptsthenotionofframeanysystemoflinguisticchoicescollectionsofwordschoicesofgrammaticalr

7、ulesorlinguisticcategriesStartingoutfromthislinguisticposition,theconceptionoftheframenotionhasshiftedtowardsacognitiveinterpretation.Theframenotion:differentconceptionsandrelatedconceptsEverysentenceevokesacertaincognitiveperspectiveonasituationbyt

8、hechoiceoftheverbandtheparticularsyntacticpatternthatitgoverns.Thebasisforperspectiveismainlyprovidedbythecognitiveabilityofdirectingone'sattention.Thesimilaritiesbetweentwoapproaches:thefigureandgroundapproach&theframeandattentionapproachTheframenot