英语语言学术语汇总.doc

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1、GlossaryAAE:AfricanAmericanEnglishAAVE:AfricanAmericanVernacularEnglishaccent:aspectsofpronunciationthatidentifywhereaspeakerisfrom,incontrasttodialectacousticphonetics:声学语音学；听觉发音学thestudyofthephysicalpropertiesofspeechassoundwavesacquisition:acquisition[,ækwi'ziʃən]n.获得物，获得thegradualdevelopme

2、ntofabilityinafirstorsecondlanguagebyusingitnaturallyincommunicativesituationsacronym:acronym['ækrəunim]n.首字母缩略词anewwordformedfromtheinitiallettersofotherwords(e.g.NASA)activevoice:主动语态theformoftheverbusedtosaywhatthesubjectdoes(e.g.Hestoleit)addressterm:称谓语awordorphraseforthepersonbeingtalked

3、orwrittentoadjective(Adj):awordsuchashappyorstrangeusedwithanountoprovidemoreinformationadverb(Adv):awordsuchasslowlyorreallyusedwithaverboradjectivetoprovidemoreinformationaffectivefactors:emotionalreactionssuchasself-consciousnessornegativefeelingsthatmayinfluencelearningaffix:aboundmorpheme

4、suchasun-or-edaddedtoaword(e.g.undressed)affricate:aconsonantproducedbystoppingthenreleasingtheairflowthroughanarrowopening(e.g.thefirstandlastsoundsinchurch)AfricanAmericanVernacularEnglish(AAVE):thecasualspeechstyleusedbymanyAfricanAmericansasavernacularagent:thesemanticroleofthenounphraseid

5、entifyingtheonewhoperformstheactionoftheverbinanevent(Theboykickedtheball)agrammaticspeech:thetypeofspeechwithoutgrammaticalmarkers,oftenassociatedwithBroca’saphasiaagreement:thegrammaticalconnectionbetweentwopartsofasentence,asintheconnectionbetweenasubject(Cathy)andtheformofaverb(loveschocol

6、ate)allomorph:oneofacloselyrelatedsetofmorphsallophone:oneofacloselyrelatedsetofspeechsoundsorphonesalphabet(alphabeticwriting):拼音文字；字母文字awayofwritinginwhichonesymbolrepresentsonesoundsegmentGlossaryalternatesignlanguage:asystemofhandsignalsusedinaspecificcontextwherespeechcannotbeused(bype

7、oplewhocanspeak),incontrasttoaprimarysignlanguagealveolar:aconsonantproducedwiththefrontpartofthetongueonthe18alveolarridge(e.g.thefirstandlastsoundsindot)alveolarridge:theroughbonyridgeimmediatelybehindtheupperfrontteethAmeslan(orASL):