英国文学史梗概.doc

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1、英国文学史梗概I.Anglo-SaxonperiodA.Historya.5thcenturyB.C.:TheearliestinhabitantsoftheBritishislands—Celtics,onetribeofwhich,Bretons,invadedtheGreatBritainandsettledtherefornearly500years.b.55B.C.:RomanconquestbyJuliusCaesarbroughttheancientromanticculture.c.TheAnglo-Saxons—abranchoftheGermanictribeexpelle

2、dtheCelticstotheremoteareasofthenorthandthewest.TheirmothertonguewastheprototypeofthemodernEnglish.EnglandmeansthedwellingsoftheAnglos.d.Thelatterhalfofthe7thcentury:ThefirstpoetoftheBritain—Caedmanwasborn.e.Around8thcentury:Thefirstwell-preservedepic—Beowulfemerged.9thcenturyKingAlfred’sreigngreatl

3、yenhancedthedevelopmentoftheEnglishculture.f1057ScottishkingMacbethdied.Severalhundredsyearslater,Shakespearecreatedthefamoustragedywithhimastheprotagonist.g.1066:NormanConquest.Asaresult,FrenchreplacedEnglishastheofficiallanguageanddominatedtheliterarycreation.TheresumptionoftheEnglishasthemainlyus

4、edlanguagewasaftertheEnglishandFrenchCenturialWar300yearslater.B.Literaturea.Epic:“Beowulf”—Beowulf,ahero,killedGrendel,aseamonster(thoughttobetheoffspringofCain,firstmurdererintheGenesis.Itsartisticforms,suchaskenningandalliterationhadagreatinfluenceuponthepoetsthatfollowed.b.Layamon’s“Brut”recorde

5、dthelegendsofKingArthuranditwasalsoanimportantsignoftheresumptionoftheEnglishlanguage.II.Medievalperiod.A.GeoffreyChaucer:“TheCanterburyTales”,acollectionofshortstoriesdepictingrealisticallythepanoramaof14thcenturyEngland.Hisstyleofwritingwasfluentandhumorous,andhisthoughtsevensurpassedhiscontempora

6、ries.Hissharpperceptionofhumannatureisthebasiccauseofhispermanentcharmandpopularity.B.Somemajoreventsinthe15thcenturycontributingtotheRenaissance:a.ReligiousreformledbyMartinLutherinGermanyandJohnCalvininFrancebrokethedarkcloudsofthemedievalEuropeanddestroyedthemanaclesofreligiononpeople’sthoughtsan

7、dspirits.b.ThedemiseoftheEasterRomanEmpire,asaresultofthefalloftheConstantinople,forcedmanyGreekscholarfleetotheItalywiththeremnantantiques.TheseartistictreasuresoftheancientGreeceandRomanactedavitalr