英国文学史

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1、WhatisSentimentalism?Bythemiddleofthecentury,sentimentalismcameintobeingastheresultofabitterdiscontentwithsocialrealityamongtheenlightenedpeople.Thesentimentalistscontinuedtostruggleagainstfeudalism.Buttheysensedatthesametimethecontradictionsintheprocessofcapitalistdevelopment.Dis

2、satisfiedwithreason,theyappealedtosentiment.Sentimentalismturnedtothecountrysideforitsmaterial,andsoisinstrikingcontrasttoclassicism.Theappearanceanddevelopmentofsentimentalpoetrymarksthemidwayinthetransitionfromclassicismtoitsopposite,romanticisminEnglishpoetry.whatistheEnlighten

3、mentMovement?TheEnlightenmentMovementwasaprogressiveMovement,whichflourishedinFranceandsweptthewholeWesternEuropeatthetime.ItwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissancefromthe14thtothe17thcentury.Itspurposewastoenlightenthewholeworldwiththelightofmodernphilosophicalandartisticideas.Theeightee

4、nthcenturymarkedthebeginningofanintellectualmovementinEuropeknownastheEnlightenmentMovement.WhatisHumanism?Humanismisaphilosophicalandethicalstancethatemphasizesthevalueandagencyofhumanbeings,individuallyandcollectively,andgenerallypreferscriticalthinkingandevidence(rationalism,em

5、piricism)overestablisheddoctrineorfaith(fideism).Inhumanism，thewelfareofhumanbeingisveryimportant.Itemphasizestheworthoflifeinthisworldandthedignityofhumanbeing.Accordingtothemitwasagainsthumannaturetosacrificethehappinessofthislifeforanafterlife.Theyarguedthatmanshouldbegivenfull

6、freedomtoenrichtheirintellectualandemotionallife.Inreligion,theHthinkingwasarelationagainstthenarrowmindednessoftheCatholicChurch;theydemandedtheinformationofthechurch.Inartandliterature,insteadofsingingpraisetoGod,theysanginpraiseofmanandofthepursuitofhappinessinthislife.Hshatter

7、edtheshacklesofspiritualbondageofman’smindbytheRomanCatholicChurchandopenedhiseyesto“abravenewworld”infrontofhim.HumanismisboththekeynoteoftheRenaissanceandtheintellectualliberationmovement,associatewithnewattitudetoancientGreekandLatinliterature.Thehumaniststookinterestinhumanlif

8、eandhumanactivitiesandgaveexpress