美国文学史简写版复习资料.doc

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1、I.TheliteratureofcolonialAmerica(1590-1750)(1)Culturalbackground:<1>Earlyin17thcen.,mostofthesettlersinNorthAmericawerethepuritanswhowantedtoavoidthereligiouspersecutionoftheChurchofEnglandandseekreligiousfreedominthenewland.☆Puritans--a“would-bepurifier”,aradicalsectoftheProte

2、stantreformerswhowantedtopurifythereligiousbeliefsandpracticesoftheChurchofEngland净化宗教观念，简化仪式ThustheysufferedfiercepersecutionandattackfromtheChurchofEngland.Inordertoavoidsuchpersecution,theyfledtotheAmericanContinente.g.theMayflower1620inPlymouthThefoundingmyth美国的建国神话Theyrega

3、rdedthemselvesasthechosenpeopleandweresenttotheAmericabyGodinordertocreateaNewworld(anewGardenofEden)intheAmerica.Bydoingso,theycangetthechanceofsalvation.(optimism/idealism)inthegrimstruggleforsurvivalthatfollowedimmediatelyaftertheirarrivalinAmerica,theybecamemoreandmorepract

4、ical.Theywerenotedforaspiritofmoralandreligiousearnestnessthatdeterminatetheirwholewayoflife.ThePuritansinNewEnglandpracticedtheocracy　神权政治Theirwayoflifewerebasedontheirsomberreligionandstressedhardwork,thrift,pietyandsobriety（节制）Theyopposedartsandpleasure.Theysuspectjoyandlaug

5、hterassymptomsofsin.Inpeople’sdailylife,religiousactivitieswereamatteroffirstimportanceandallothersshouldservethereligion.<4>Theirpracticesandbeliefs(AmericanPuritanism)greatlyinfluencedtheliteratureofthisperiod(e.g.practicalmatter-of-factaccountsoflifeinthenewworld;highlytheor

6、eticaldiscussionsofreligiousquestions)(2)Majorworksandwriters:<1>ThefirstwritingsinAmericanliteraturewerethenarrativesandjournalsoftheearlycolonialsettlements,whichhelpedtoluremoreEuropeans,especiallythePuritanstoseekfortuneorreligiousfreedominthenewcontinent<2>JohnSmithwroteab

7、outtheexplorationinATrueRelationofSuchOccurrencesandAccidentsofNoteasHathHappenedinVirginiaSincetheFirstPlantingofThatColony《关于弗吉尼亚的真实描述》andbecamethefirstAmericanWriter.<3>Poetry:AnneBradstreet’sTheTenthMuseRecentlySprungUpinAmerica　----thefirstpoetessinAmericaII.Theliteratureo

8、fReasonandRevolution(1750-1810)Whilepurtianismdominate