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1、江苏省句容市后白中学中考英语语法复习动词的语态牛津版【要点提示】概念:语态是动词的一种形式,用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。种类:英语动词的语态有主动和被动两种:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。考查热点:中考对被动语态的考查主要集中在被动语态的构成及用法上。其构成为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”,通过变化助动词be体现时态。初中阶段需要掌握的被动语态如下:一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时was/were+过去分词一般将来时will/shallbe+过去分词情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词现在
2、完成时have/hasbeen+过去分词【拓展】1.双宾语的被动语态。含双宾语的句子由主动语态变被动语态时,可把指人的间接宾语用作被动语态的主语,也可把指物的直接宾语用作主语,但此时须在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。常用to的动词有give,tell,lend,send,show,pass,hand等;常用for的动词有borrow,make,buy等。2.复合宾语的被动语态。若主动语态句子为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”这种含复合宾语的结构,变被动语态时只能“宾作主”,而宾补不变。其中,make/hear(watch,see...)sb.d
3、osth.结构变为被动语态时为“sb.+be的适当形式+made/heard(watched,seen...)todosth.”。3.短语动词的被动语态。有些短语动词相当于及物动词,其后可接宾语,因此它们也有被动语态。但短语动词是个不可分割的整体,变为被动语态时不可丢掉其后的介词或副词。根据近几年对语态考查的分析,编了这样几句口诀:时态一,语态二,宾变主,主变宾,by短语,后面跟。谓语动词变被动,be后添“过分”。【专项练习】Ⅰ.请从各题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。()1.—DidyougotoSam’sweekendpa
4、rty?—No,I____________.A.amnotinvitedB.wasn’tinvitedC.haven’tinvitedD.didn’tinvite()2.Theletter____________inJapanese.Ican’treadit.A.iswritingB.iswrittenC.wroteD.writes()3.—Susan,whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.—I’msorry,butI_______________whentomeet.A.amnottoldB.
5、didn’ttellC.haven’ttoldD.wasn’ttold()4.Todaycomputers_______________inbothcitiesandtowns.A.wereusingB.areusedC.wereusedD.areusing4()5.Anewsupermarket_____________inmyhometownnextmonth.A.willbuiltB.willbebuiltC.isbuiltD.builds()6.—Alice,you______________onthephone.—I’mcomin
6、g.Thanks.A.wantB.arewantedC.werewantedD.havewanted()7.Personalcomputers____________in1976.Theyhavechangedthewholeworld.A.havebeeninventedB.areinventedC.wereinventedD.willbeinvented()8.—Yourskirtisniceandlooksdifferentfromothergirls’.—Thanks.Mymother____________itlastmonth.
7、A.wasmadeB.hasmadeC.hasbeenmadeD.made()9.Iknowshewon’tcometojoinusunlessshe__________to.A.tellsB.willbetoldC.istoldD.wastold()10.Jamesismyfriend.He__________Jimforshort.A.callsB.iscalledC.calledD.iscalling()11.English____________inCanada,AustraliaandNewZealandaswellasAmeri
8、caandBritain.A.speaksB.isspeakingC.isspokenD.spoke()12.Thewindow___________tenminutesago,