unit10语用学--会话中的威胁面子行为.ppt

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1、Unit10DoingFTAsinConversation会话中的威胁面子行为Contents10.1Thenotionofface10.2Face-threateningacts10.3StrategiesofdoingFTAs10.4Factorsbehindthestrategychoice10.1Thenotionofface---GoffmanGoffman(1967)defines“face”as“thepositivesocialvalueapersoneffectivelyclaimsforhimselfbythe

2、lineothersassumehehastakenduringaparticularcontact.Faceisanimageofselfdelineatedintermsofapprovedsocialattributes.”BrownandLevinson(1978/1987)developedGoffman’s(1967)notionoffaceintothewell-knownFaceTheory(FTforshort).10.1Thenotionofface---BrownandLevinsonAccordingtoBr

3、ownandLevinson(1978/1987),facemeansthepublicself-imagethateverymemberwantstoclaimforhimselforherself,ortheemotionalandsocialsenseofselfthateveryonehasandexpectseveryoneelsetorecognize.Faceconsistsoftwoaspects:positivefacenegativefaceNegativeface消极面子thebasicclaimtoterri

4、tories,personalpreserves,rightstonon-interference,i.e.tothefreedomofactionandfreedomfromimposition.e.g.threat,warning,order,etc.消极面子是指社会成员希望其行动不被别人干涉，即有行动的自由和自主决定的自由。（何自然，陈新仁，2004）Positiveface积极面子thepositiveconsistentself-imageor“personality”(cruciallyincludingthedesir

5、ethatthisself-imagebeappreciatedandapprovedof)claimedbyinteractants.e.g.It’sverykindofyou.积极面子是指每个社会成员希望他的愿望受人顺从，自我形象被人欣赏和赞许。（何自然，陈新仁，2004）10.2Face-threateningacts在会话交际中，以上两种面子都可能受到威胁，例如：儿子：妈，我想出去玩一下。母亲：作业做完再说。室友：哎，这个铃声挺好听的。我：哪里好听了。Fourtypes:Actsthreateningthehearer’sp

6、ositivefaceActsthreateningthehearer’snegativefaceActsthreateningthespeaker’spositivefaceActsthreateningthespeaker’snegativefaceActsthreateningthehearer’spositivefaceindicating(potentially)thatthespeakerdoesnotcareaboutthehearer’sfeelings,interests,wants,etc.Anactthatsh

7、owthespeaker’snegativeevaluationofsomeaspectsofhearer’spositiveface.E.g.disapproval,criticism,etc.Anactthatshowspeakerdoesnotcareabouthearer’spositiveface;e.g.mentiontabootopics.Sshowsnon-cooperationinanactivity,e.g.interruptingH’stalk;Susesaddresstermsandotherstatus-m

8、arkedidentificationsininitialencountersinanoffensiveorembarrassingway,intentionallyoraccidently.Actsthreateningthehea