2013中考英语被动语态用法详解.ppt

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1、被动语态用法详解(一)语态分类英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态的用法：1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。.Thewindowwasbrokenyesterday..2.没有必要指

2、出动作的执行者是谁。.Moretreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.3.需要突出或强调动作的承受者。..Hewasbadlyhurtintheaccidentyesterday.4汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。WeiHuaisaskedtocomebyLinTao5某些句子习惯上用被动语态。HewasborninOctober,1988.Note:1.用于被动语态中的动词是及物动词，不及物动词不能用被动语态.WorldWarIItookplaceinEurope.(right)Worl

3、dWarIIwastakenplaceinEurope.(wrong)2.反身代词在句中作宾语时,不能用被动语态.HetaughthimselfEnglish.(right)HimselfwastaughtEnglishbyhim.(wrong)主动语态变被动语态的方法1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语(注意代词的格的转换）。2.把主动语态的谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”结构；（注意人称，数，时态的一致）。3.把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by短语。（①by短语可以省。②by短语后跟代词的宾格。）by

4、theteacher..Theteacheroftenaskshimquestions.Heisaskedquestions歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：Allthepeoplelaugheda

5、thim.----Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.-----Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.1TheyplayfootballonSunday.2Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.3Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.4WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.

6、ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing.注意：1被动句中的谓语动词的单复数和被动句中的主语一致2被动句的时态要和主动句一致3(注意主动句中的宾语（的宾格）要变成被动句的主语（的主格）4（by+宾格）//其他成分照抄不变常见的八种时态中的被动语态1.一般现在时：(1)Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Rice

7、isgrowninthesouthofthecountry.(2)Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.1.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．bythemlastterm.2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were+过去分词lastyear.2.Weplantedmanytreeslas

8、tyear.ManytreeswereplantedTencomputerswerebought3.一般将来时的被动语态结构：willbe+过去分词1.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.bythemintendays.Theworkwillbefinished2.Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.TheroomwillbecleanedbyTomtomorrow.4.含有情态动