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1、Chapter21.Homehas1200unitsoflaboravailable.Itcanproducetwogoods,applesandbananas.Theunitlaborrequirementinappleproductionis3,whileinbananaproductionitis2.a.Graphouttheproductionpossibilitiesfrontier:b.Whatistheopportunitycostofapplesintermsofbananas?c.Intheabsenceoftrade,whatw
2、ouldthepriceofapplesintermsofbananasbe?Intheabsenceoftrade,sincelaboristheonlyfactorofproductionandsupplydecisionsaredeterminedbytheattemptsofindividualstomaximizetheirearningsinacompetitiveeconomy,onlywhenwillbothgoodsbeproduced.So2.Homeisasdescribedinproblem1.Thereisnowalsoa
3、nothercountry,Foreign,withalaborforceof800.Foreign’sunitlaborrequirementinappleproductionis5,whileinbananaproductionitis1.a.GraphForeign’sproductionpossibilitiesfrontier:b.Constructtheworldrelativesupplycurve.3.Nowsupposeworldrelativedemandtakesthefollowingform:Demandforapples
4、/demandforbananas=priceofbananas/priceofapples.a.Graphtherelativedemandcurvealongwiththerelativesupplycurve:∵Whenthemarketachievesitsequilibrium,wehave∴RDisahyperbolab.Whatistheequilibriumrelativepriceofapples?Theequilibriumrelativepriceofapplesisdeterminedbytheintersectionoft
5、heRDandRScurves.RD:RS:∴∴c.Describethepatternoftrade.∵∴Inthistwo-countryworld,Homewillspecializeintheappleproduction,exportapplesandimportbananas.Foreignwillspecializeinthebananaproduction,exportbananasandimportapples.d.ShowthatbothHomeandForeigngainfromtrade.Internationaltrade
6、allowsHomeandForeigntoconsumeanywherewithinthecoloredlines,whichlieoutsidethecountries’productionpossibilityfrontiers.Andtheindirectmethod,specializinginproducingonlyoneproductionthentradewithothercountry,isamoreefficientmethodthandirectproduction.Intheabsenceoftrade,Homecould
7、gainthreebananasbyforegoingtwoapples,andForeigncouldgainbyoneforegoingfivebananas.Tradeallowseachcountrytotradetwobananasforoneapple.HomecouldthengainfourbananasbyforegoingtwoappleswhileForeigncouldgainoneapplebyforegoingonlytwobananas.SobothHomeandForeigngainfromtrade.4.Suppo
8、sethatinsteadof1200workers,Homehad2400.Findtheequilibriumrela