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1、初中英语专题复习之非谓语动词望江县古炉初级中学陈方水一、动词不定式（一）构成：1.肯定形式：to+v2.否定形式：notto+v(二）句法功能：1.主语：eg:(1)TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus.=Itisnoteasyforus__________English.(2)Itisnecessaryforthemtopracticemore.=_____________________isnecessaryforthem.不定式充当主语时，常常用it代（放到句首），而把真正的不定式放在后面。2.表语：eg
2、:(3)Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.(4)Yourdutyistocollectinformation.多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语。tospeakTopracticemore3.宾语：eg:(5)Helikestoplaybasketball.(6)Iwanttogofishingwithyouonweekends.动词不定式只能作某些及物动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。want,refuse,wish,need,cho
3、ose,hope,agree,try,begin,offer,wouldliketo等动词后只能跟不定式作宾语。4.宾补：eg:(7)SheaskedmenottospeakChineseinanEnglishclass.(8)Iheardhercryinthenextroomjustnow.在make,let,have,see,hear,watch等使役动词、感官动词后，不定式省略to。但在变为被动句时应加上to。tell,ask,want,allow,get,would,encourage后常跟不定式作宾补。5.定语：eg:(
4、9)Haveyouanythingtosay?(10)Ineedaroomtolivein.不定式作定语，位于中心词之后；若作定语的不定式为不及物动词，且与中心词之间有动宾关系，要在该动词后加上适当的介词（如例10）。6.状语：eg:(11)I’msorrytotroubleyou.（表原因）(12)IwenttheretostudyEnglish.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。（三）常见的一些与不带to的不定式连用的词组、句型：1.Whynot+do…?2.hadbetter(not)do…3.would
5、ratherdo…4.Could/Would/Willyouplease(notto)do…?（四）特殊疑问词+不定式不定式可以和疑问代词(who,whom,whosewhat,which,)、疑问副词(when,where,how,why)连用构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。eg:(13)Pleasetellmewhattodonext.(14)Ididn’tknowwheretogo.二、动名词（一）构成：v+-ing(二）句法功能：1.主语：eg:(15)Feedinganimalsismyjob.=Myjo
6、bisfeedinganimals.(16)Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.2.宾语：（1）动词的宾语：（17）Helikesdancing/singing.(2)介词的宾语：(18)Cookersareusedforcooking.(19)Jimisgoodatpainting.常见的带动名词作宾语的动词：finish,enjoy,mind,practice,havefun,havetrouble/problem,spend,feellike,haveahardtime,beusedto,can’
7、tstand/help3.表语：eg:(20)Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.=Collectingstampsishishobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语。4.定语：eg:(21)Sheisinthereadingroom.(22)Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods.动名词作定语只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。三、分词（一）构成：1.现在分词：v+-ing2.过去分词：v+-ed(二）句法功能：1.定语：eg:(23)Doyouknowthegirlst
8、andingunderthetree?(24)Pleasehandinyourwrittenexercises.分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词。2.状语：eg:(25)Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,tal
