分子生物学 双语 考试复习要点.doc

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1、1.Proteome:theexpressedofacelleitherduringitslifetimeoratanyonetimeduringitsexistence.2.proteomic:proteomicistheidentificationandanalysisofthetotalproteincomplement.3.tanscriptome:thecompletesetofRNApresentinacell,tissueororganismintherewholelifetimeoranystageoflifestyle,contai

2、ningnotonlymRNAs,butalsononcodingRNAs.4.SatelliteDNA:highlyrepetitiveDNAineukaryoticgenomeconsistofshortsequence(from2bpto20~30bp)inlength,knownassatelliteDNA.5.centraldogmaofmolecule:informationtransferredfromtheDNAmoleculetoamessengerRNAmolecule,andthemRNAnucleotidesequencein

3、totheaminoacidsequenceofaprotein.6.gene:containslinearsequencesofnucleotidescodingapoly-peptideoranRNAmolecule,aswellasregulatorysequencewhichensurethetranscription,5noncodingsequence,intronsand3noncodingsequenceandsoon.7.structralgene:theGenesthatcodeforpoly-peptidesorRNASneed

4、edforthenormalmetabolicactivitiesofthecell.8.regulatoryGenes:whosefunctionistocontroltheexpressionofstructuralGenes.9.Phynotype:thephysicalorchemicalmanificationorexpressionofgenotype.10.genotype:thecompletesetofgenes.11.splitgenes:thatiseukaryoticstructuralgenes,inwhichextions

5、alternatewithintrons.12.genome:thecompletesetofsequencesinthegeneticmaterialofanorganism,includingthesequencesofeachchromosomeplusanyDNAinorganelles.13.C-value:thetotalamountofDNAinthegenomeofperhaploidsetofchromosomes.14.C-valueparadox:thelackofrelationshipbetweentheDNAcontent

6、ofanorganismanditscodingpotentiality.15.genedusters:agroupofadjacentgenesthatareidenticalorrelated.16.Genomic:thestudyofthestructureandfunctionofwholegenomes,includingstructuralgenomicsandfunctionalgenomics.17.semi-conservativereplication:theformofreplicationofdouble-strandedDN

7、Ainwhicheachparentalstrandbecomesapartofnewlyformedprogeny.18.dispersivereplication:amechanismofDNAreplicationbywhichnewmoleculesareproclucedandarecompacedofparentalsegmentsandnewlysynthesizedsegments.19.hybridization:thejoiningofDNAandRNAstrandstoformahybridmolecule.20.superhe

8、lix:thestructureproducedbydoublestrandedDNAwhenitcoils