我的专八真题阅读选编.doc

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1、TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(1993)-GRADEEIGHT-TEXTAAscientistwhodoesresearchineconomicpsychologyandwhowantstopredictthewayinwhichconsumerswillspendtheirmoneymuststudyconsumerbehaviour.Hemustobtaindatabothontheresourcesofconsumersandonthemotivesthattendtoencourage

2、ordiscouragemoneyspending.Ifaneconomistwereaskedwhichofthreegroupsborrowmost梡eoplewithrisingincomes,stableincomes,ordecliningincomes梙ewouldprobablyanswer:thosewithdecliningincomes.Actually,intheyears1947-1950,theanswerwas:peoplewithrisingincomes.Peoplewit

3、hdecliningincomeswerenextandpeoplewithstableincomesborrowedtheleast.Thisshowsusthattraditionalassumptionsaboutearningandspendingarenotalwaysreliable.Mothertraditionalassumptionisthatifpeoplewhohavemoneyexpectpricestogoup,theywillhastentobuy.Iftheyexpectpr

4、icestogodown,theywillpostponebuying.Butresearchsurveyshaveshownthatthisisnotalwaystrue.Theexpectationsofpriceincreasesmaynotstimulatebuying.Onetypicalattitudewasexpressedbythewifeofamechanicinaninterviewatatimeofrisingprices."Inafewmonths,shesaid,"we'llha

5、vetopaymoreformeatandmilk;we'llhavelesstospendonotherthings."Herfamilyhadbeenplanningtobuyanewcarbuttheypostponedthispurchase.Furthermore,theriseinpricesthathasalreadytakenplacemayberesentedaddbuyer'sresistancemaybeevoked.Thisisshownbythefollowingtypicalc

6、omment:"Ijustdon'tpaytheseprices;theyaretoohigh."Traditionalassumptionsshouldbeinvestigatedcarefully,andfactorsoftimeandplaceshouldbeconsidered.TheinvestigationsmentionedabovewerecarriedoutinAmerica.InvestigationsconductedatthesametimeinGreatBritain,howev

7、er,yieldedresultsthatweremoreinagreementwithtraditionalassumptionsaboutsavingandspendingpatterns.Theconditionmostconductivetospendingappearstobepricestability.Ifpriceshavebeenstableandpeoplehavebecomeaccustomedtoconsiderthem"right"andexpectthemtoremainsta

8、ble,theyarelikelytobuy.Thus,itappearsthatthecommonbusinesspolicyofmaintainingstablepriceswithoccasionalsalesordiscountsisbasedonacorrectunderstandingofconsumerpsychology.21.ThebesttitleofthepassageisA.Consumer'sPurc