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1、虚拟语气SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。下面分别介绍虚拟语气在各种句型中的用法。几种“随时变化”句：谓语动词往前推一步一.if条件句与主句的时态搭配与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反例句：IfIhadtime,Iwouldcertainlygo.IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’tloseheart.Ifshewerealivetoday,howhappywewouldbe!例句：IfIhadtakenh
2、isadvice,Ishould/wouldnothavemadesuchamistake.Wewouldhavedroppedbyifwehadhadtime.例句：IfIhadtime,Iwouldseehimoffattheairporttomorrow.Ifitshouldrain,thecropscouldbesaved.IfIweretodoit,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式表示与现在事实相反动词过去式（be多用were）should/woul
3、d/could/might+动词原型表示与过去事实相反had+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词表示与将来事实相反动词过去式（be多用were）should/would/could/might+动词原型should+动词原型wereto+动词原型(1)混合条件句：从句与主句的动作不是同时发生，这时要分别根据各自发生的时间，选用相应的虚拟形式。例句：ItisapitythatMr.Zhangisn’there.Ifhehadcome,myparentswouldbehap
4、pier.Ifyouhadgonetoadoctor,youwouldbeallrightnow.注意：(2)含有were，had(做助动)或should的虚拟条件句可以省略if，然后将were，had或should移至主语之前，形成倒装句。例句：WereIyou,Iwouldnotgiveup.HadIknownhistelephonenumber,Iwouldhaverunghimupatthattime.Shouldithappen,whatwouldyoudo?(3)介词with，without，but
5、for等所引导的短语可以表示含蓄的条件。例句：Withyourhelp,wecouldhavedonebetter.Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavepassedtheexam.(4)虚实错综句：有时虚拟现象与客观事实错综交织在一起，需要我们判断哪一处是虚拟语气，哪一处是陈述语气。Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewithyou.（第一句说明当时的事实，是陈述句
6、；otherwise后面是隐含条件的虚拟语气。）Icouldhavefinishedthework,butIwasillthen.（前句是隐含条件的虚拟语气，后句but表示转折，说明当时的事实，是陈述句。）(5)Ifitbenotfor…也是一种虚拟语气从句，意为“要是没有...”。Ifitwerenotfor…Ifithadnotbeenfor…例句：IfitwerenotfortheguidanceoftheParty,wewouldfail.Ifithadnotbeenforthehelpofourtea
7、cher,wewouldnothavemadesomuchprogress.Ifitwerenotfortherain,thecropswoulddie.二.ifonly,wish,asif/asthough从句的虚拟形式S+动词过去式（表现在）Ifonly+S+had+过去分词（表过去）S+could/would/might+动词原形（表将来）(1)Ifonly…!=HowIwish…!常常引导一个省略了主句的句子，表示强烈的愿望，意为“要是……就好了”，“但愿……”。例句：IfonlyIcouldhelpy
8、ou!IfonlyIhadn’tsaidthat!Ifonlythewindwouldstop!(2)动词wish后的宾语从句表示不可能实现的愿望，因此从句中要用虚拟语气。从句中谓语动词的形式为：S+wish+(that)+:S+动词过去式（be多用were）（表现在）S+had+过去分词（表过去）S+could/would/might+动词原形（表将来）例句：IwishIknewth
