国际商务英语课文电子版lesson21.doc

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1、Lesson21WTOandChinaAfter15longyearsofhardnegotiations,ChinabecameaformalmemberoftheWorldTradeOrganizationonDec.11,2001.Peoplemaywonderwhetheritpays（值得beworthwhile）forChinatodevotesuchalotoftimeandeffortsforaccessionto力口入theorganization.SosomeknowledgeabouttheWTOasw

2、ellastheopportunitiesitprovidesandthechallengesitposestoChinaisquitenecessary.TheoriginoftheWTOcanbetracedbackto（dateback）theearlypostWorldWarIIyears.Toguardagainstthethreatoftradewars,majortradingnationssenttheirrepresentativestoHavanain1947tocreateanInternational

3、TradeOrganizationforthepromotionofinternationaltrade.Thatobjectivewas,however,notrealizedforcontroversy（争议）overtheextensivenessofthepowersoftheproposedITO（拟成立的ITO）（这一目标由于对拟成立的ITO的权力广泛性有争议而没能实现）,mainlyfortherefusalbytheUnitedStatestoratify（牡匕准approvebysigning）thecha

4、rterofthestillbornorganization.Nevertheless,theGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade（GATT）wasformedasaconduit（channel渠道）formultilateralnegotiationsonavarietyofinternationaltradeissues.HeadquarteredinGeneva,GATTprovidesaframeworkwithinwhichintemcitioricilnegotiationsare

5、conductedtowordcreatingglobaltraderulesandaconsultativemechanismforresolvingdifferencesandsettlingdisputesunderthoserules.Italsoprovidestechnicalassistancetodevelopingcountriesintheformofseminarsandtrainingcoursesontradepolicyissues.ThegeneralaimsofGATTaretheimprov

6、ementofstandardsofliving,fullemployment,alargeandsteadilygrowingvolumeofrealincomeandeffectivedemand,thefulluseoftheworld'sresources,andtheexpansionofproductionandinternationaltrade.ItisthespecifictaskofGATTtocontributetotheattainmentoftheseobjectivesthrougharrange

7、mentsdirectedtothesubstantialreductionoftariffsandothertradebarriersandtotheeliminationofdiscrimination.Initially,GATTconsistedofonlythreebasicparts.Inpart1thebasicobligationswhicharetobefulfilledbythecontractingpartiesarelaiddown一themost・favorednationclauseandthes

8、chedulesoftariffconcessions.Intheyearsfollowed,thetextoftheGeneralAgreementwasrevised,numerousamendmentswerereachedrelatingmainlytotheexpansionof