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1、GrammarthePastParticipleasAdverbial过去分词（短语）作状语过去分词(短语)作状语:过去分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、或伴随情况等。其逻辑主语一般与句子（主句）的主语保持一致，过去分词与逻辑主语之间一般是被动关系。过去分词（短语）可以转换成相应的状语从句。Askedwhyhewaslate,hecried.Whenhewasaskedwhyhewaslate,hecried.①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when,while,until来强调时间概念。Whe
2、nheated,icecanbechangedintowater.=Wheniceisheated,itcanbechanged...Don’tspeakuntilaskedto.=Don’tspeakuntilyouareaskedto.当被要求发言时，你才能讲话。Discussed(Havingbeendiscussed)manytimes,theproblemsweresettledatlast.在讨论了多次之后,问题终于解决了。(过去分词既表被动又表完成)被译成英语后,这个句子的语序完全不同了.(translate)________
3、________________________English,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.Translated(Havingbeentranslated)into(2)作原因状语。过去分词(短语)作原因状语,相当于一个由because/as/since引导的原因状语从句.由于伤得很严重,只好把他送往医院.Seriouslyinjured,hehadtobetakentothehospital.=Becausehewasseiouslyinjured,he……B
4、ornandbroughtupinthecountryside,hewasinterestedinbiology.由于在农村出生并长大,他对生物很感兴趣。他们看了那部电影深受感动,都哭了。_____________________,theyallcried.身边围着一群年轻人,老人感到很高兴。______________________________,theoldmanfeltveryhappy.GreatlymovedbythefilmSurroundedbyagroupofyoungpeopleAstheyweregreatlymov
5、edbythefilm,Ashewassurroundedby……,Comparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo.=Ifwearecomparedwithyou,we……表示条件,相当于if,unless引导的条件状语从句,有时if/unless可放在过去分词前面.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。Growninrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.=Iftheseseedsaregrowninrichsoil,……=Ifgrowninrichsoil,……再给他一次机会，他
6、会做得更好。(give)________________________, he will do better.和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语。____________________________, you should make greater efforts to study English.水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。___________,water can be turned into steam.Compared with your brotherIfitisheatedGiven another chance表示让步
7、，相当于although/though/evenif等引导的让步状语从句,有although/though等可放在过去分词前面.Leftathome,Johndidn’tfeelafraidatall.=Although(hewas)leftathome,John……即使被邀请，我也不会参加聚会。_________________,Iwillnottakepartintheparty.=Evenif(Iam)invited,I……Evenifinvited尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。________________________
8、___ by many people, he continued his study.(Thoughhewas)laughed at表示伴随情况或方式,相当于一个由and连接的并
