有机化学英文命名.ppt

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1、2.5NomenclatureofAlkanesinChineseCommonnomenclature:IsohexaneIUPACNomenclature:P.46,InternatinalUnionofPureandAppliedChemistryNo.ofCarbonsFormulaName(CnH2n+2)1MethaneCH42EthaneC2H63PropaneC3H84ButaneC4H105PentaneC5H126HexaneC6H147HeptaneC7H168Octane

2、C8H189NonaneC9H2010DecaneC10H22NamesofSmallHydrocarbonsGreeknumbers-aneAlkylGroupsAlkylgroup–removeoneHfromanalkane(apartofastructure)Generalabbreviation“R”Name:replace-aneendingofalkanewith-ylending(SeeEng.P.44and45forlists)AlkanesAlkylgroupAbbreviat

3、ionMethaneMethylMeCH3CH3CH3CH2EtEthaneEthylCH3CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2PrPropanePropylCH3CH2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CH2ButaneButylBuTypesofAlkylgroupsClassifiedbytheconnectionsiteacarbonattheendofachain(primaryalkylgroup)acarboninthemiddleofachain(secondaryalkylgroup)ac

4、arbonwiththreecarbonsattachedtoit(tertiaryalkylgroup)Isopropylsec-butyl(orsec-Bu)Isobutyltert-butylort-Butyl,t-Bu)AlkylgroupsNamePrefixParentSuffixWherearethesubstituents?HowmanyCarbons?WhatFamily?NamingBranchedchainAlkanes-IUPACP47,2.3Step1Findthepar

5、enthydrocarbonFindthelongestcontinuouschainofcarbonatomsToequallongchains,choosethechaincontainingthemostbranchedchain.HeptaneStep2NumbertheatomsinthemainchainBeginningattheendnearerthefirstbranchpoint,numbereachCatomintheparentchain.3.Designatetheloc

6、ationofthesubstituents4-Isopropyl-5-propylnonaneListthesubstituentsinalphabeticalorder.Whenthesamesubstituentsappearsmorethanonce,usethemultiplyingprefixes:di-,tri-,tetra-andsoon.2,2,4-Trimethylpentane4-Ethyl-3,5-dimethyloctane2.6PropertiesofAlkanesP4

7、9self-studyafterclass2.7Conformation构象ofAlkanesConformation:DifferentspatialarrangementsofatomsoratomicgroupsinamoleculethataregeneratedbyrotationaboutC－Csinglebond.Eng.p502.51.ConformationalAnalysisofEthaneNewmanProjectionSawhorserepresentationEclips

8、edconformationStaggeredconformation3.1NomenclatureofAlkenesIUPACNames:1.Givetheparentnamebyselectingthelongestcontinuouscarbonchainincludingthedoublebond.Ethylene,propylene,butene,pentene…suffix-eneii:[英][‵prəupili:n][美][‵propə﹐lin]2.Number:Gi