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1、定语从句专项讲解定语从句定语从句(theAttributiveClause):在句中起定语作用的从句叫定语从句,它所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句的引导词有关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as和关系副词when,where,why。1)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:限制性定语从句一般是必不可少的,因为其先行词具有不确定性;非限制性定语从句可有可无,因为其先行词是确定的。试比较:HisbrotherwhoworksinShanghaiwillcomeheretomorrow.他在上海工作的那个弟弟明天来这儿。(不止一
2、个兄弟)Hisbrother,whoworksinShanghai,willcomeheretomorrow.他弟弟明天来这儿,他在上海工作。(一个兄弟)●专有名词之后的定语从句大多是非限制性的。In1920heleftEnglandforParis,whereheliveduntil1924.2)有关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句的一般用法:●先行词是指人的名词时,用who,whom(在从句中作宾语)或that。如:Thatisthegirlwhom/thatImetattheparty.Hehadanunclewhowasaministe
3、rinthegovernment.●先行词表示事物时用which或that:Thesewatchesaremoreexpensivethanthosewhich/thatwesawinNewYork.●whose可以指人和物,在定语从句中作定语,如:Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclasswhosehomesareinthecountryside?Acat,whoseeyescantakeinmoreraysoflightthanours,canseeclearlyinthenight.●在时间名词后用when,如
4、:SincethedaytheyleftItalyAnnahadthoughtofnothingelsebutthedaywhen/onwhichshewouldseehersonagain.●在表示地点或场合的名词后用where,如:Isthereariverwherewecouldbathe?EdgarwenttoJosephClarke’sschool,wherehestudiedLatin,Greek,andmathematics.●在reason后用why,如:Hedidn’tgivethereasonwhyhewasabsenty
5、esterday.3)在口语中,在从句中作宾语的关系代词常常省去:Idon’tthinkI’veseenanything(that)Ilikebetter.Thefirstthing(that)I’mgoingtodowhenIgethomeissleepforawholeday.Thisisthebestfruit(that)wehavefound.4)有时,为了使句子平衡,定语从句与先行词可以分开。如:SomethinghadhappenedwhichIcouldnotunderstand.Thedaywillcomewhenmancan
6、makefulluseofsolarenergy.5)使用关系代词应注意的一些问题:●在现代英语中,先行词是anything,something,everything,nothing,all等不定代词时,最常用的关系代词是that:Matterisanythingthathasweightandtakesupspace.任何具有重量并占有空间的东西都是物质。Thereisnothing(that)Icanseeinthisroom.在这个房间里,我看不到任何东西。●在现代英语中,当先行词前有last,only,few,much,some,an
7、y,no,very形容词、序数词及形容词最高级等修饰语时,最常见的关系代词也是that。如:Thefirstmetalthatwasproducedbymanwascopper.人类生产的第一种金属是铜。Honeyistheonlyfoodthatdoesnotspoil.蜂蜜是唯一不会坏的食物。ThedinnerwasthemostexpensivemealthatIhadeverhad.这顿晚饭是我享用过的最贵的一顿了。●先行词既有人又有物时用that,如:Weweredeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandscho
8、olthatwehadvisitedthere.●在以who,which开头的句子中为避免重复一般用that,如:Whoisthemanthatisstanding