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1、PresidentGeorgeW.Bush’sSpeech atTsingHuaUniversityOneofthesaddestfactsaboutmycountryisthatthereareasignificantnumberoffourthgradestudentswhocannotreadatgradelevel.Imagineachildwhocan'treadinthefourthgradeisachildthat'snotgoingtobeabletoreadintheeighthgrade.Andifthechi
2、ldcan'treadintheeighthgrade,it'slikelythatchild'snotgoingtobeabletoreadsufficientlywhentheygetoutofhighschool,andthereforewon'tbeabletogotocollege.It'sashameinAmericathatthat'sthecase.－PresidentGeorgeW.Bush1Howfararewefromarealsolution?When15,000readingteachersandeduc
3、ationprofessorsgatheredlastweekagainstthebackdropoftheincreasinglypoliticizeddebateoverreadinginstruction,therewaslittleconsensusaboutthecrucialissueofthebestwaytoteachchildrentoread.Forthemostpart,though,thehundredsofseminarsandlecturesofferedlastweekfocusedonhowread
4、ingteacherscoulddotheirjobsbetter.Virtuallyallthepresentationsdrewstanding-room-onlyaudiences,underscoringthefactthat40percentofthenation'sthird-graderscannotreadindependentlyandthatnoeducatorhasquitefiguredouthowtosolvetheproblem.Copyright1997TheNewYorkTimesCompany2P
5、honologicalProcessing&OtherLanguageSkillsThisfindingconvergeswithotherevidenceinsuggestingthatwhereasthephonologicalcomponentofthelanguagesystemisimpairedindyslexia,thehigher-levelcomponentsremainintact.Linguisticprocessesinvolvedinwordmeaning,grammaranddiscourse--wha
6、t,collectively,underliescomprehension--seemtobefullyoperational,buttheiractivityisblockedbythedeficitinthelower-orderfunctionofphonologicalprocessing.－bySallyE.Shaywitz3Dyslexia-aTechniqueorAbilityProblem?Inoneofourstudies,Jennifer,averybrightyoungwomanwithareadingdis
7、ability,toldusallabouttheword"apocalypse."Sheknewitsmeaning,itsconnotationsanditscorrectusage;shecouldnot,however,recognizethewordonaprintedpage.Becauseshecouldnotdecodeandidentifythewrittenword,shecouldnotaccessherfundofknowledgeaboutitsmeaningwhenshecameacrossitinre
8、ading.－bySallyE.Shaywitz4MapSoundsonLettersREIDLYON:Thesoundstructurethatisdifficultfortheyoungsters,thatshouldhelpkidsunder
