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1、核心素养测评四十Module4～6Ⅰ.阅读理解Peoplepossessthesamephysicalorgansforsensingtheworld:wehaveeyesforseeing,earsforhearing,nosesforsmelling.Butdoeseveryonereallysensetheworldinexactlythesameway?Twolinguists,EdwardSapirandBenjaminWhorf,didn’tthinkso.Theybelievedthatpeople’sperceptio
2、n(感知)oftheworlddependsverymuchonthelanguagetheyspeak.Theybelievedthatlanguageisessentiallylikeapairofeyeglasses;itinfluencesthewaywe“see”theworld.Takearainbowforexample.Weseesixcolorsinit.Butisthatall?Doyouseeanyothers?Inmanycultures,speakersofdifferentlanguagesmighttel
3、lyoutherearemorethansixcolors,ortheymighttellyouthereareless!ThetwolinguistswenttoMexicotoinvestigatethisperceptionofcolor,comparingthedifferencebetweenEnglishspeakersandthepeopleinMexico.TheMexicansuseonewordforthetwowordsEnglishusesforblueandgreen.Theylabelblueandgree
4、nasonecolor.So,theysawfivecolorsinarainbow.Anotherfamousexampleshowshowlanguagecanbeareflectionofconceptsimportanttoaparticularculture.AmericansandtheBritishuseonlyafewtermstodescribesnow:snow,sleet,freezingrain,andafewothers.Eskimos,ontheotherhand,havemanywordstodescri
5、besnow.Snowthatisfalling,ontheground,inblocks,andsnowthatmakeswavypatterns—eachareexplainedthroughseparatewords.SnowisanimportantpartofEskimolifeanditsculture.ThusitisnecessarythatEskimoshavethevocabularytospecificallydescribeit.Languageinfluencesthought,butitdoesn’tdet
6、erminewhatconceptswe’reabletothinkof.Ifwedon’thaveaparticularwordinourlanguage,itjusttakesmoretimeandmorewordsforustodescribethatconcept.Itisaproblemoftranslation,notofourabilitytobeabletoimaginetheconcept.【文章大意】本文是说明文。两个语言学家经过研究发现人们对事物的感知依赖于他们说的不同语言。不同语言对某些事物的描述是不一样的,1
7、2导致人们对同一事物的认识有所差异。这给翻译造成一定困难,但不影响人们对概念的理解。1.Howdoestheauthordescribetheimpactoflanguageonpeople’sperception?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Byraisingquestions.C.Bydoingexperiments.D.Bylistingnumbers.【解析】选A。写作方法题。根据第二段中“Takearainbowforexample.”可知作者通过举例子说明了语言对人们感知的影响。故选A。2.WhydoMex
8、icansonlyseefivecolorsinarainbow?A.Theycan’ttellblueandgreen.B.Theyaremostlycolor-blind.C.Theirlanguageisunder
