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1、核心素养测评三十五Module5CloningⅠ.阅读理解AInthe1950s,CentralAmericancommercialbananagrowerswerefacingthedeathoftheirmosteconomicalproduct,theGrosMichelbanana.Nowit’shappeningagaintoitssuccessor—theCavendish.Withitseasilytransported,thick-skinnedandsweet-tastingfruit,theGrosMichelbananaplantdominatedtheplantati
2、onsofCentralAmerica.UnitedFruit,themaingrowerandexporterinSouthAmericaatthetime,mass-produceditsbananasinthemostefficientwaypossible:itclonedshootsfromthestemsofplantsinsteadofgrowingplantsfromseeds,andcultivatedthemindenselypackedfields.Unfortunately,theseconditionsarealsoperfectforthespreadofthef
3、ungus(真菌),whichattackstheplant’srootsandpreventsitfromtransportingwatertothestemandleaves.TheTR-1strainofthefunguswasresistanttocropspraysandtravelledaroundonbootsorthetyresoftrucks,slowlyinfectingplantationsacrosstheregion.Inanattempttoescapethefungus,farmersabandonedinfectedfields,floodedthemandt
4、henreplantedcropssomewhereelse,oftencuttingdownrainforesttodoso.Theireffortsfailed.Sotheysearchedforavarietyofbananasthatthefungusdidn’taffect.TheyfoundtheCavendish,whichwasn’taswellsuitedtoshippingastheGrosMichel,butitsbananastastedgoodenoughtokeepconsumershappy.Mostimportantly,TR-1didn’tseemtoaff
5、ectit.Inafewyears,UnitedFruithadsaveditselffrombankruptcybyfillingitsplantationswiththousandsofthenewplants.However,theCavendishbananaitselfisfarfromsafe.In2015,theexportsofCavendishbananashaddroppedby46percentthankstoacombinationofanotherstrainofthefungus,TR-4,andbadweather.Racingagainsttheinevita
6、ble,scientistsareworkingonsolvingtheproblembygeneticallymodifyingtheCavendishwithgenesfromTR-4-resistantbananaspecies.Researchershavesuccessfullygrowntwokindsofmodifiedplantswhichhaveremained11resistantforthreeyearssofar.Butsomeexpertsthinkthisisjustacomplicatedversionofthesametemporarysolutiontheo
7、riginalCavendishprovided.Ifthenewbananasareplantedinthesamemonoculture(单种栽培)astheCavendishandtheGrosMichel,theriskisthatanotherstrainofthediseasemayriseuptothreatenthemodifiedplantstoo.【文章大意】本文主要讲了香蕉种植者不断提高
