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时间:2020-05-12
《初中被动语态及习题.doc》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、被动语态(ThepassiveVoice)一、被动语态(TePassiveVoice):语态是英语动词的一种形式,用来说明主语和谓语之间的关系,即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态是动作的执行者做主语,被动语态是动作的承受者做主语。只有及物动词才有被动语态。例如: Theboyslikefootball.男孩儿喜欢足球。(主动语态) Footballislikedbytheboys.足球被男孩儿喜欢。(被动语态) 二、被动语态的构成:被动语态的构成形式是be+及物动词的过去分词(P.P),其中动词be是助动词,有人称和数的变化,其变化规则与其作连系动词时完全一样。被动语态的否
2、定句是在第一个助动词后加not,一般疑问句是把第一个助动词提前放到句首。主要时态的被动语态的结构和肯定句、否定句及一般疑问句总结如下: *一般现在时:am/is/are+P.P Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday. Ourclassroomisnotcleanedeveryday. Isourclassroomcleanedeveryday?Yes,itis.No,itisn't. *一般过去时:was/were+P.P Ourclassroomwascleanedyesterday.
3、 Ourclassroomwasn'tcleanedyesterday. Wasourclassroomcleanedyesterday?Yes,itwas.No,itwasn't. *一般将来时:will+be+P.P Ourclassroomwillbecleanedtomorrow. Ourclassroomwon'tbecleanedtomorrow. Willourclassroombecleanedtomorrow?Yes,itwill.No,itwon't. *现在完成时:have/has+been
4、+P.P Ourclassroomhasbeencleaned. Ourclassroomhasn'tbeencleaned. Hasourclassroombeencleaned?Yes,ithas.No,ithasn't. *现在进行时:am/is/are+being+P.P Ourclassroomisbeingcleanednow. Ourclassroomisn'tbeingcleanednow. Isourclassroombeingcleanednow?Yes,itis.No,
5、itisn't. *情态动词:can/must/may/should+be+P.P Ourclassroommustbecleanedwell. Ourclassroommustn'tbecleanedwell. Mustourclassroombecleanedwell? Yes,itmust.No,itneeden't.(must提问,否定回答用neen't.) 三、被动语态的用法 1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。例如:Knivesareusedforcuttingthings. 2.没有必要指出动作的执行者。Thisd
6、eskismadeofwood. 3.强调动作的承受者。Englishisspokenbymanypeople. 四、主动语态变成被动语态的方法: 1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 2.把主动结构的谓语动词变为被动结构。 3.把主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语。(在含义明确时,by短语可以省略。)例如: StudentsshouldspeakEnglishinandoutofclass. (主语) (宾语) Englishshouldbespokeninandoutofclassbystudents. (主语)
7、 (介词宾语) 五、需要注意的几个问题。 (一)用不带“to”的不定式作宾语补足语的句子,变被动语态时,不定式符号“to”不能省略。 例如: 1.Thebossmadetheworkerswork14hoursaday. Theworkersweremadetowork14hoursaday. 2.Hesawtheteachergointotheofficejustnow. Theteacherwasseentogointotheofficejustnow. (二)相当于
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