初中被动语态及习题

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1、被动语态(ThepassiveVoice)一、被动语态(TePassiveVoice)：语态是英语动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语之间的关系，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态是动作的执行者做主语，被动语态是动作的承受者做主语。只冇及物动词才有被动语态。例如：Theboyslikefootball.男孩儿啻欢足球。(主动语态)Footb汕islikedbytheboys.足球被男孩儿喜欢。(被动语态)二、被动语态的构成：被动语态的构成形式是be+及物动词的过去分词(P.P),其中动词be是助动词,冇人称和数的变化，其变化规则与其作连系动词时完全一样。被动语态的否定句是

2、在第一个助动词后加not,一般疑问句是把第一个助动词提前放到句首。主耍时态的被动语态的结构和肯定句、否定句及一般疑问句总结如下：*一般现在时：am/is/are+P.POurclassroomiscleanedeveryday.Ourclassroomisnotcleanedeveryday.Isourclassroomcleanedeveryday?Yes,itis.No,itisn't.*一般过去时:was/wcrc+P.POurclassroomwascleanedyesterday.Ourclassroomwasn'tcleanedyesterday.Was

3、ourclassroomcleanedyesterday?Yes,itwas.Nojtwasn't.*一般将来时:will+be+P.POurclassroomwillbecleanedtomorrow.Ourclassroomwon'tbecleanedtomorrow.Willourclassroombecleanedtomorrow?Yes,itwill.No,itwon't.*现在完成时:have/has+been+P.POurclassroomhasbeencleaned.Ourclassroomhasn'tbeencleaned.Hasourclassr

4、oombeencleaned?Yes,ithas.No,ithasn't.*现在进行时:am/is/are+being+P.POurclassroomisbeingcleanednow.Ourclassroomisn'tbeingcleanednow.Isourclassroombeingcleanednow?Yes,itis.No,itisn't.*情态动词：can/must/may/should+be+P.POurclassroommustbecleanedwell.Ourclassroommustn'tbecleanedwell.Mustourclassroo

5、mbecleanedwell?Yes,itmust.No,itneeden't.（must提问,否定回答用neen't.）三、被动语态的用法1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。例如:Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.2.没冇必要指出动作的执行者。Thisdeskismadeofwood.3.强调动作的承受者。Englishisspokenbymanypeople.四、主动语态变成被动语态的方法：1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2.把主动结构的谓语动词变为被动结构。3.把主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语。（在含义明确时，by短语可以省略。）例

6、如：StudentsshouldspeakEnglishinandoutofclass.（主语）（宾语）Englishshouldbespokeninandoutofclassbystudents.（主语）（介词宾语）五、需耍注意的儿个问题。（一）用不带的不定式作宾语补足语的句子，变被动语态时，不定式符号“to”不能省略。例如：1.Thebossmadetheworkerswork14hoursaday.Theworkersweremadetowork14hoursaday.2.Hesawtheteachergointotheofficejustnow.Thetea

7、cherwasseentogointotheofficejustnow.（二）相当于及物动词的短语动词，在变为被动语态吋，不可丢掉词组末尾的介词或副词。例如：1.Thebabiesmustbetakengoodcareof.2.Thebooksmustn'tbetakenawayfromthereading.（三）含冇双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的句了，变被动语态时，将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动。（一般是将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语。）例如：Mymothergavemeapresentformybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentform