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1、Chapter1.IntroductionSinceitsfirstpublicreleasein1991,Linuxhasbeenputtoeverwideruses.InitiallyconfinedtoalooselytiedgroupofdevelopersandenthusiastsontheInternet,iteventuallymaturedintoasolidUnix-likeoperatingsystemforworkstations,servers,andclusters.Itsgrowthandpopularityacceleratedtheworkstartedbyt
2、heFreeSoftwareFoundation(FSF)andfueledwhatwouldlaterbeknownastheopensourcemovement.Allthewhile,itattractedmediaandbusinessinterest,whichcontributedtoestablishingLinux'spresenceasalegitimateandviablechoiceforanoperatingsystem.Yet,oddlyenough,itisthroughanoftenignoredsegmentofcomputerizeddevicesthatLi
3、nuxispoisedtobecomethepreferredoperatingsystem.Thatsegmentisembeddedsystems,andthebulkofthecomputersystemsfoundinourmoderndaylivesbelongtoit.Embeddedsystemsareeverywhereinourlives,frommobilephonestomedicalequipment,includingairnavigationsystems,automatedbanktellers,MP3players,printers,cars,andaslewo
4、fotherdevicesaboutwhichweareoftenunaware.Everytimeyoulookaroundandcanidentifyadeviceascontainingamicroprocessor,you'vemostlikelyfoundanotherembeddedsystem.Ifyouarereadingthisbook,youprobablyhaveabasicideawhyonewouldwanttorunanembeddedsystemusingLinux.Whetherbecauseofitsflexibility,itsrobustness,itsp
5、ricetag,thecommunitydevelopingit,orthelargenumberofvendorssupportingit,therearemanyreasonsforchoosingtobuildanembeddedsystemwithLinuxandmanywaystocarryoutthetask.Thischapterprovidesthebackgroundforthematerialpresentedintherestofthebookbydiscussingdefinitions,real-lifeissues,genericembeddedLinuxsyste
6、msarchitecture,examples,andmethodology.1.1DefinitionsThewords"Linux,""embeddedLinux,"and"real-timeLinux"areoftenusedwithlittlereferencetowhatisbeingdesignated.Sometimes,thedesignationsmaymeansomethingveryprecise.Othertimes,abroadrangeorcategoryofapplicationsismeant.Letuslookatthesetermsandwhattheyme
7、anindifferentsituations.1.1.1WhatIsLinux?LinuxisinterchangeablyusedinreferencetotheLinuxkernel,aLinuxsystem,oraLinuxdistribution.ThebroadnessofthetermplaysinfavoroftheadoptionofLinux,inthelargesense,w
