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1、Chapter1.IntroductionSinceitsfirstpublicreleasein1991,Linuxhasbeenputtoeverwideruses.InitiallyconfinedtoalooselytiedgroupofdevelopersandenthusiastsontheInternet,iteventuallymaturedintoasolidUnix-likeoperatingsystemforworkstations,servers,andclusters.Itsgrowthandpopularityacceleratedtheworkstar
2、tedbytheFreeSoftwareFoundation(FSF)andfueledwhatwouldlaterbeknownastheopensourcemovement.Allthewhile,itattractedmediaandbusinessinterest,whichcontributedtoestablishingLinux'spresenceasalegitimateandviablechoiceforanoperatingsystem.Yet,oddlyenough,itisthroughanoftenignoredsegmentofcomputerizedd
3、evicesthatLinuxispoisedtobecomethepreferredoperatingsystem.Thatsegmentisembeddedsystems,andthebulkofthecomputersystemsfoundinourmoderndaylivesbelongtoit.Embeddedsystemsareeverywhereinourlives,frommobilephonestomedicalequipment,includingairnavigationsystems,automatedbanktellers,MP3players,print
4、ers,cars,andaslewofotherdevicesaboutwhichweareoftenunaware.Everytimeyoulookaroundandcanidentifyadeviceascontainingamicroprocessor,you'vemostlikelyfoundanotherembeddedsystem.Ifyouarereadingthisbook,youprobablyhaveabasicideawhyonewouldwanttorunanembeddedsystemusingLinux.Whetherbecauseofitsflexib
5、ility,itsrobustness,itspricetag,thecommunitydevelopingit,orthelargenumberofvendorssupportingit,therearemanyreasonsforchoosingtobuildanembeddedsystemwithLinuxandmanywaystocarryoutthetask.Thischapterprovidesthebackgroundforthematerialpresentedintherestofthebookbydiscussingdefinitions,real-lifeis
6、sues,genericembeddedLinuxsystemsarchitecture,examples,andmethodology.1.1DefinitionsThewords"Linux,""embeddedLinux,"and"real-timeLinux"areoftenusedwithlittlereferencetowhatisbeingdesignated.Sometimes,thedesignationsmaymeansomethingveryprecise.Othertimes,abroadrangeorcategoryofapplicationsismean
7、t.Letuslookatthesetermsandwhattheymeanindifferentsituations.1.1.1WhatIsLinux?LinuxisinterchangeablyusedinreferencetotheLinuxkernel,aLinuxsystem,oraLinuxdistribution.ThebroadnessofthetermplaysinfavoroftheadoptionofLinux,inthelargesense,w
