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1、Class5.MotivationTheory§5.1conceptMotivation:•thewillingnesstoexerthighlevelsofefforttowardorganizationalgoals,conditionedbytheeffort’sabilitytosatisfysomeindividualneed•Need:someinternalstatethatmakescertainoutcomesappearattractive•Process:unsatisfiedn
2、eed---tension---drives---searchbehavior---satisfiedneed----reductionoftension§5.2EarlytheoryofMotivationThe1950swereafruitfulperiodinthedevelopmentofmotivationconcepts.3specifictheorieswereformulatedduringthistime1.HierarchyofNeedsTheoryAbrahamMaslow•Th
3、ereisahierarchyof5needs---physiological,safety,social,esteem,&self-actualization---andaseachneedissequentiallysatisfied,thenextneedbecomesdominant•Separation:Lowerorderneeds---needsthataresatisfiedexternally;physiological&safetyneeds•review:1.intuitivel
4、ylogical,easeofunderstanding,receivingwiderecognition,particularlyamongpracticingmanagers.2.littleempiricalsupport2.TheoryXandTheoryYDouglasMcGregorproposed2distinctviewsofhumanbeing•Theassumptionthatemployeesdislikework,arelazy,dislikeresponsibility,&m
5、ustbecoercedtoperform•employeesdislikework&,wheneverpossible,willattempttoavoidit;Theymustbecoerced,controlled,orthreatenedwithpunishmenttoachievegoals;avoidresponsibilities&seekformaldirectionwheneverpossible;Mostworkersplacesecurityaboveallotherfactor
6、sassociatedwithwork&willdisplaylittleambition•TheoryY:Theassumptionthatemployeeslikework,arecreative,seekresponsibility,&canexerciseself-directionhigherorderneedsdominateindividuals3.Motivation-HygieneTheoryFrederickHerzberg,individual’srelationtohiswor
7、k•Intrinsicfactorsarerelatedtojobsatisfaction,whileextrinsicfactorsareassociatedwithdissatisfaction•satisfaction,Nosatisfaction•Hygienefactors:thosefactors---suchascompanypolicy&administration,supervision,&salary---that,whenadequateinjob,placateworkers.
8、Whenthesefactorsareadequate,peoplewillnotbedissatisfied§5.2ContemporarytheoryofMotivationhavingonethingincommon:eachhasareasonabledegreeofvalidsupportingdocumentation1.ERGtheoryClaytonAlderferofYalereworkedMaslow’stheorytoalignit
