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1、2009年Text1①Habitsareafunnything.②Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonauto-pilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine.③“Notchoice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd,”WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.④Intheever-changing21stcentury,eventheword“habit”carriesanegativeimplicati
2、on.①Soitseemsparadoxicaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextascreativityandinnovation.②Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits,wecreateparallelpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracks.①Ratherthandismissingourselvesasunchan
3、geablecreaturesofhabit,wecaninsteaddirectourownchangebyconsciouslydevelopingnewhabits.②Infact,themorenewthingswetry—themorewestepoutsideourcomfortzone—themoreinherentlycreativewebecome,bothintheworkplaceandinourpersonallives.①Butdon'tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits；oncethoserutsofprocedurearewornin
4、tothebrain,they'retheretostay.②Instead,thenewhabitswedeliberatelypressintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads.①“Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwithwonder,”saysDawnaMarkova,authorofTheOpenMind.②“Butwearetaughtinsteadto‘decide',justasourpresidentcallshimself‘theD
5、ecider.'”③Sheadds,however,that“todecideistokilloffallpossibilitiesbutone.④Agoodinnovationalthinkerisalwaysexploringthemanyotherpossibilities.”①Allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe'reunaware,shesays.②Researchersinthelate1960sdiscoveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproachchallengesinfourp
6、rimaryways:analytically,procedurally,relationally(orcollaboratively)andinnovatively.③Attheendofadolescence,however,thebrainshutsdownhalfofthatcapacity,preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemedmostvaluableduringthefirstdecadeorsooflife.①Thecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysi
7、sandprocedure,meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovativeandcollaborativemodesofthought.②“ThisbreaksthemajorruleintheAmericanbeliefsystem—thatanyonecandoanything,”explainsM.J.Ryan,authorofthe2006bookThisYearIWil
