中考化学考前知识点串讲2017.docx

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1、李老师—明德教育考试注意事项：一、做题策略，遇到难题先跳过二、配平、条件和符号三、名称和化学式不要傻傻分不清楚四、记得计算题的约分哦，约分同时也是一种检验考前知识串讲拔高篇（涉及到的高一知识回顾）1.侯氏制碱法(制的是﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏)﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏2.关于过氧化钠，联系氢氧化钠的变质问题考过氧化钠和水反应，生成氢氧化钠和氧气﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏过氧化钠和二氧化碳反应，生成碳酸钠和氧气﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏

2、﹏﹏﹏﹏3.关于氯气的三个化学方程式（次氯酸根具有漂白性）﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏4.将铝加入氢氧化钠溶液中，生成偏铝酸钠和一种可燃性的气体﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏5.氢氧化亚铁和水、氧气反应生成氢氧化铁﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏6.工业上纯碱制烧碱（推断题用）﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏7.铵根和氢氧根共存吗？为什么？﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏

3、﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏写出氯化铵和熟石灰加热条件下生成氨气的化学方程式﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏氨气的性质﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏8.关于肥料的鉴别（碳酸氢铵、氯化铵、尿素失去标签，进行鉴别）﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏基础篇（复习基础）9.四位化学家﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏

4、﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏10.四种有机物，有机物燃烧系列方程式的配平﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏11.高炉炼铁（原料石灰石、铁矿石、焦炭）﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏李老师—明德教育﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏1.实验室制氧气、氢气、二氧化碳、氨气﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏

5、﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏2.石灰水、石灰乳、石灰浆﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏生石灰﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏、熟石灰﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏、石灰石和大理石的主要成分﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏、火碱烧碱苛性钠﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏、苏打﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏、小苏打﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏、铁锈的主要成分﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏3.盐酸或者硫酸除铁锈（生锈的铁钉），长时间浸泡﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏4.五种黑色固体﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏5.红色固体和紫红色固体是﹏﹏﹏﹏蓝色沉淀是﹏﹏﹏﹏红褐色沉淀是﹏﹏﹏

6、﹏6.电解水的注意事项（八个字﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏，质量比﹏﹏﹏，体积比﹏﹏﹏）在水中加入酸碱盐的目的是﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏区分硬水和软水用﹏﹏﹏，硬水转化为软水方法﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏溶解放热的物质﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏溶解吸热的物质﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏7.优先原则金属题目的优先原则（置换反应）溶液题目的优先原则（复分解反应）﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏溶液质量增大减小问题﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏8.人体必需微量元素﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏，缺铁得﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏，缺

7、碘﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏，缺钙﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏，缺维生素D﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏天然有机高分子材料﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏，合成有机高分子材料﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏金属材料﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏9.周期和族的判断10.空气污染物11.地壳中排名前三的元素及形成化合物﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏12.多孔隔板的装置﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏长颈漏斗发生装置检查装置气密性的方法﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏蒸发结晶过程中玻璃棒的作用﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏

8、﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏燃烧最常考的条件﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏制氧气有棉花的时候﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏13.关于燃烧的实验现象14.必考大题粗盐