w13-notes英语论文课件

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1、Notes&BibliographyInwritingyourthesis,youareencouragedtoquote,paraphrase,translateandsummarizeotherpeople’swordsandideas.使用直接引文时须注意以下几点：1.论文使用直接引文不宜过多，最好不要超过总体的30%，以避免“剽窃”之嫌。2一段引文如果达到或超过四行，就叫大段摘引。这时候，引文必须独力成段，无需引号，且前后缩进。3在不损害引文内涵的情况下，作者可以根据需要，对引文进行删减（即删去那些次

2、要的、与论文无关的东西），但不得任意删减，更不能断章取义、歪曲原意。Therearemainlythreewaysofreferringtootherpeople’sworkwhenwritingaresearchpaper.1).Directorindirectquotations;2).Paraphrasingotherpeople’swords3).Summarizinglongerpassagesoftextsweareinterestedin.DirectorIndirectQuotationsExam

3、plesOne:Oneofthecriticismsofusingparallelcorpora,mentionedbyMauranen(1998)hasbeenthat“…”.ExampleTwo:AsLi(1999)pointsout,“…”.ParaphrasingParaphrasingisrewritingmaterialsfromothersourcesinyourownwords.Youshouldnotchangethemeaningcontainedintheoriginalpassagenor

4、shortenitwhenparaphrasing.SummarizingSummarizingisanothermethodofshorteninglongpassagesforinclusioninyourresearchpaper.Inthesummaryonlythemainpointsshouldbeincluded.Forgenerations,Americanshaveresearchedtheirpaststodiscoverwhotheirancestorswere.Inrecentyears,

5、manymorepeoplehavedevelopedanavidinterestintheirgenealogyandtheculturalheritageoftheirancestors.Thisinterestwassparkedfortworeasons.First,AmericancelebratedthebicentennialoftheUnitedStatesin1976andpaidtributetothecountry’shistory.Second,andmorerecently,theboo

6、kRoots,whichtracesthefamilyhistoryofanAmericanblackmannamedAlexHaleybacktoAfrica,wasserializedonnationaltelevision.Asaresultofthesetwoevents,anewpastimeforthousandsofAmericanswascreated.Recently,manyAmericanshavebecomeinterestedinresearchingtheirbackgroundsin

7、ordertoidentifytheirancestorsandlearnabouttheirculturalheritage.ThisinterestingenealogybeganwiththeU.S.BicentennialcelebrationandintensifiedwiththetelevisingofthefamilyhistoryofAlexHaley,ablackAmerican.NotesNotesareusedfor…Referencesforthequotations;Explanati

8、onsorotherinformationthatwouldhelpreadersunderstandthepaperbutnotappropriatetoputinthetext.NotesReferencesintherunningtext(文内引用)Referencesattheendofthepaper(尾注)Notesintherunningtext1.Auth