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1、linguisticcode?Forexample,arethereanyneologisms(suchas“portentousinfants”)?Arethereanysemantic,syntactic,phonological,orgraphologicaldeviations?Suchdeviationsareoftenthecluetospecialinterpretationsassociatedwithtraditionalfiguresofspeechsuchasmetapho
2、r,metonymy,synecdoche,paradox,andirony.Ifsuchtropesoccur,whatkindofspecialinterpretationisinvolved(forexample,metaphorcanbeclassifiedaspersonifying,animalizing,concretizing,synaesthetic,etc)? Contextandcohesion Herewetakealookatfeatureswhicharegenera
3、llyfullydealtwithindiscourseanalysis.Undercohesionwaysinwhichonepartofatextislinkedtoanotherareconsidered;forinstance,thewayssentencesareconnected.Thisistheinternalorganizationofatext.Undercontext,roughlythematerial,mental,personal,interactional,soci
4、al,institutional,cultural,andhistoricalsituationinwhichthediscourseismade,weconsidertheexternalrelationsoftheliterarytextorapartofthetext,seeingitasadiscoursepresupposingasocialrelationbetweenitsparticipants(authorandreader,characterandcharacter,char
5、acterandreader,etc.),andasharingofknowledgeandassumptionsbyparticipants. Cohesion:Doesthetextcontainlogicalorotherlinksbetweensentences(egcoordinatingconjunctions,linkingadverbials),ordoesittendtoreplyonimplicitconnectionsofmeaning?Whatsortofuseismad
6、eofcross-referencebypronouns(she,it,they,etc),bysubstituteforms(do,so,etc),orellipsis?Isthereanyusemadeofelegantvariation—theavoidanceofrepetitionbysubstitutionofadescriptivephrase(as“theoldlawyer”substitutesfortherepetitionofanearlier“MrJones”)?Arem
7、eaningconnectionsreinforcedbyrepetitionofwordsandphrases,orbyrepeatedlyusingwordsfromthesamesemanticfield? Context:Doesthewriteraddressthereaderdirectly,orthroughthewordsorthoughtsofsomefictionalcharacter?Whatlinguisticclues(egfirstpersonpronounsI,me
8、,my,mine)arethereoftheaddresser-addresseerelationship?Whatattitudedoestheauthorimplytowardshis/hersubject?Ifacharacter’swordsorthoughtsarerepresented,isthisdonebydirectquotation,orbysomeothermethod(egindirectspeech,freeindirectspeech)?Aretheresignifi