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1、linguisticcode?Forexample,arethereanyneologisms(suchas“portentousinfants”)?Arethereanysemantic,syntactic,phonological,orgraphologicaldeviations?Suchdeviationsareoftenthecluetospecialinterpretationsassociatedwithtraditionalfiguresofspeechsuchasmetaphor,metonymy,synecdoche,paradox,andir
2、ony.Ifsuchtropesoccur,whatkindofspecialinterpretationisinvolved(forexample,metaphorcanbeclassifiedaspersonifying,animalizing,concretizing,synaesthetic,etc)? Contextandcohesion Herewetakealookatfeatureswhicharegenerallyfullydealtwithindiscourseanalysis.Undercohesionwaysinwhichonepartof
3、atextislinkedtoanotherareconsidered;forinstance,thewayssentencesareconnected.Thisistheinternalorganizationofatext.Undercontext,roughlythematerial,mental,personal,interactional,social,institutional,cultural,andhistoricalsituationinwhichthediscourseismade,weconsidertheexternalrelationso
4、ftheliterarytextorapartofthetext,seeingitasadiscoursepresupposingasocialrelationbetweenitsparticipants(authorandreader,characterandcharacter,characterandreader,etc.),andasharingofknowledgeandassumptionsbyparticipants. Cohesion:Doesthetextcontainlogicalorotherlinksbetweensentences(egco
5、ordinatingconjunctions,linkingadverbials),ordoesittendtoreplyonimplicitconnectionsofmeaning?Whatsortofuseismadeofcross-referencebypronouns(she,it,they,etc),bysubstituteforms(do,so,etc),orellipsis?Isthereanyusemadeofelegantvariation—theavoidanceofrepetitionbysubstitutionofadescriptivep
6、hrase(as“theoldlawyer”substitutesfortherepetitionofanearlier“MrJones”)?Aremeaningconnectionsreinforcedbyrepetitionofwordsandphrases,orbyrepeatedlyusingwordsfromthesamesemanticfield? Context:Doesthewriteraddressthereaderdirectly,orthroughthewordsorthoughtsofsomefictionalcharacter?Whatl
7、inguisticclues(egfirstpersonpronounsI,me,my,mine)arethereoftheaddresser-addresseerelationship?Whatattitudedoestheauthorimplytowardshis/hersubject?Ifacharacter’swordsorthoughtsarerepresented,isthisdonebydirectquotation,orbysomeothermethod(egindirectspeech,freeindirectspeech)?Aretheresi
8、gnifi
