状语从句 Lessonscanbelearnedtofacethefuture,________historycannotbechanged.A.thoughB.asC.sinceD.unless(2014年江苏高考21题) Wewereabouttosetoffwhenitsuddenlybegantorain.我们刚要出发,突然下起雨来。Wewerehavingameetingwhensomeonebrokein.我们正开着会突然有人闯入。Hehadjustfallenasleepwhenthephonerang.他刚刚睡着电话就响了。 注意:when可表原因,意为“既然”。(2007·山东卷)Howcanyouexpecttolearnanythingwhenyouneverlisten.既然你什么也听不下去你怎么期望学东西呢?Itwasfoolishofyoutotakeataxi______youcouldeasilywalkhereinfiveminutes.AwhenBwhileCeventhoughDwhy既然你可以步行五分钟就能到这儿,坐出租车来真是愚蠢。 2.assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theminute,theinstant,nosoonerhad...than...,hardly/scarcelyhad...when...once(一……就……)从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生,常译为“一……就……”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。ThemomentIheardthevoice,Iknewfatherwascoming.我一听到那个声音,我就知道父亲来了。Nosoonerhadwearrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.我们刚到车站,火车就离站了。Theboyburstintotearsimmediatelyhesawhismother.那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。Mysistercamedirectlyshegotmyshortmessage.我姐姐一收到我的短信就来了。 3.on/upondoingsth./onone’s+n.也可表示“一……就……”,引导时间状语。Onarrivingatthestation,thethiefwascaught.贼一到车站就被抓了。OnhisarrivalinLondon,hecalledhisfatherup.他一到伦敦就给他父亲打了个电话。 4.before(1)若表示“还未……就……;不到……就……;……才……;趁……;还没来得及……就……”时,需用连词before。HerushedoutoftheroombeforeItoldhimthenews.我还没来得及告诉他消息,他就冲出了房间。Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.趁你现在没忘把它记下来。(2)Itwillbe+一段时间+before...多久之后才……ItwillbehalfayearbeforeIcomeback.还得呆半年我才能回来。Itwon’tbelongbeforewemeetagain.没多长时间我们就会见面的。 1.(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)Tomwasabouttoclosethewindowhisattentionwascaughtbyabird.A.whenB.ifC.andD.till解析:句意为:汤姆正要关上窗户,就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。在句式“...beabouttodowhen...”中,when作并列连词,相当于andatthattime,句中wasabouttodo为标志词,故答案为A项。答案:A 2.(2010·日照市调研考试)Jerryrushedhome________heheardthenews,only________thathishousehadbeenburntdownandallthefurnitureburntout.A.assoonas;findingB.immediately;tofindC.themoment;findD.when;found解析:考查状语从句和不定式。语意是:Jerry一听到消息就跑回家,结果却发现自己的房子被烧毁了,所有的家具都已化成灰烬。第一空表示“一……就……”,A、B、C三项都可以,但从第二空分析,只能用不定式,onlytofind“结果却发现”,表示出人意料的结果。答案:B 3.(2010·陕西卷)Johnthinksitwon’tbelong________heisreadyforhisnewjob.A.whenB.afterC.beforeD.since解析:句意为:约翰认为不久他就能为他的新工作做好准备。本题考查句式Itwon’tbelongbefore...,表示“过不了多久就……”。答案:C 4.(2010·安徽卷)Justusethisroomforthetimebeing,andwe’llofferyoualargerone________itbecomesavailable.A.assoonasB.unlessC.asfarasD.until解析:句意为:暂用这个房间吧,一有可能,我们就会马上给你提供一个大点的房子。本题考查连词。assoonas一……就……,引导时间状语从句。unless除非;asfaras远到,至于;until直到。答案:A 1.通常由if,unless如果不,除非,as(so)longas只要,incase(that)“结果,万一”等连词引导。Incaseanythingimportanthappens,pleasecallmeup.万一发生了什么重要事情,请打电话给我。unlessyourecognizeanidiomwhenitisbeingused,itiseasytomisunderstandwhatyoureadorhearspoken.(2009·浙江卷)Themedicineworksmoreeffectivelyifyoudrinksomehotwateraftertakingit.这种药如果你热水送服,会更加有效。 2.由oncondition(that);provided(that);providing(that)(假若;倘使);supposing/suppose(that)given(that)等引导的条件状语从句。Youcangoswimmingonconditionthatyoudon’tgotoofarfromtheriverbank.只有不离河岸太远你才能下去游泳。Supposingitrainstomorrow,whatshallwedo?假设明天下雨我们做什么? 1.(2010·上海卷)________ourmanagerobjectstoTom’sjoiningtheclub,weshallaccepthimasamember.A.UntilB.UnlessC.IfD.After解析:句意为:我们愿意接收汤姆为我们的成员,除非经理反对他加入本俱乐部。选项中的四个词都可以连接从句。但是这里存在条件关系,故排除A(直到)和D(在……之后),而语境存在否定条件,故排除C(如果)。答案:B 2.(2010·南通一模)—Shallweattendtheconcertthisevening?—Greatidea,________wecandosomeshoppingfirst.A.whenB.whereC.sinceD.if解析:本题考查连词的用法。句意是:我们今晚去听音乐会,怎么样?要是我们先买些东西就更好了。根据句意,应选D。答案:D3.Itsoundslikesomethingiswrongwiththecar’sengine.,we’dbettertakeittothegarageimmediately.OtherwiseB.IfnotC.ButforthatD.Ifso(2011江苏高考33题) 3.(2010·江西卷)—Ourholidaycostalotofmoney.—Didit?Well,thatdoesn’tmatter________youenjoyedyourselves.A.aslongasB.unlessC.assoonasD.though解析:句意为:——我们这次度假花了很多钱。——是吗?没关系,只要你们玩得高兴就行。本题考查连词的用法。aslongas只要;unless除非;assoonas一……就;though尽管,虽然。答案:A4.One’slifehasvalue_______onebringsvaluetothelifeofothers.A.sothatB.nomatterhowC.aslongasD.exceptthat(2012年江苏高考30题) 1.通常由连词where和wherever引导,从句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后。(2009·山东卷)Thelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremainwhereshewasandwaitforhermother.那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她母亲。Keepintouchwithyourfamilymemberswhereveryouareintheworld.不管你在世界上的什么地方,都要跟家人保持联系。 2.地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。Wherethere’sawill,there’saway.有志者事竟成。Where(ver)there’splentyofsunandrain,thefieldsaregreen.哪里阳光雨水充足,哪里的田野就绿油油。1.(2010·重庆卷)Today,wewillbegin________westoppedyesterdaysothatnopointwillbeleftout.A.whenB.whereC.howD.what解析:句意为:今天,我们将从昨天停下的地方开始讲解,目的是为了不漏掉要点。考查地点状语从句。首先排除what,what不能引导状语从句;when引导时间状语从句;how引导方式状语从句。只有where引导地点状语从句。答案:B 2.(2011·龙岩检测)Mymotherlikeseverythinginorder,andshealwaysremindsustoputthingsback________wegetthemfrom.A.sothatB.inwhichC.onceD.where解析:考查状语从句。wherewegetthemfrom是地点状语从句。答案:D 1.由although,though,as引导的状语从句although和though同义,用法基本相同。前者较正式,多置于句首;后者较通俗、口语化。(2009·湖南卷)Althoughthepolicethoughthewasthemostlikelyone,sincetheyhadnoexactproofaboutit,theywouldnotarresthim.尽管警察认为他是最有可能的一个,由于没有确凿的证据,他们就不能拘留他。 注意:as引导的让步状语从句多用于书面语,语序要倒装。Difficultasthetaskwas,theymanagedtofinishitintime.虽然这项任务很难,他们还是设法及时完成了。Childas/thoughheis,heknowsalot.(让步)尽管他是个孩子,但是他知道得很多。as引导方式状语从句、时间状语从句、较状语从句和原因状语从句的不同用法。例如:Astimewenton,Einstein’stheoryprovedtobecorrect.(时间)As(=Since)theweatherisfine,let’sgo.(原因)Doasyoulike.DoasItoldyou.(方式)=inthewaythatHeworksashardashisbrother(does).(比较状语)思维链接1.Helookedbehindoccasionally______hewentforwardintheforest.AasBifCwhileDeventhough 几个关于as...as的常见句型:(1)as...aspossiblePleaseanswermyquestionassoonaspossible.请尽快回答我的问题。(2)as...asusual/beforeShelooksasprettyasbefore.她看起来和以前一样漂亮。倍数的三种基本表达法一、倍数+as…as…二、倍数+比较级+than…三、倍数+thesize/length/width/height/age等名词+of…我的房间是你的三倍大。Myroomisthreetimesasbigasyours.Myroomisthreetimesbiggerthanyours.Myroomisthreetimesthesizeofyours. 2.evenif,eventhough表示“即使,纵然”,有退一步设想的意味,多用于书面语中。Evenifhedidsayso,wecouldnotbesurethathewastellingthetruth.即使他这样说,我们也不能确定他是否说了真话。2.(2010·湖南卷)Timisingoodshapephysically________hedoesn’tgetmuchexercise.A.ifB.eventhoughC.unlessD.aslongas解析:句意为:尽管Tim进行的锻炼不多,但他的体型很好。本题考查状语从句。if如果,引导条件状语从句;eventhough=evenif即使,引导让步状语从句;unless如果不,引导条件状语从句;aslongas只要,引导条件状语从句。根据句意可知答案为B项。答案:B 4.由wh词+ever引导让步状语从句。Keepcalm,whateverhappens.不管发生什么都保持冷静。Wheneveryoucallonme,youarealwayswelcome.不管何时你来看我,我都欢迎。1(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,34)youmayhave,youshouldgatheryourcouragetofacethechallenge.A.HoweveraseriousproblemB.WhataseriousproblemC.HoweverseriousaproblemD.Whatseriousaproblem 虚拟语气中的条件状语从句⑴、IfIhadcomeheryesterday,Iwouldhaveseenhim.⑵、IfIwereateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.⑶、Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,theycouldn'tgoout.状语从句的倒装一、n、v、adj.、adv.+as/though+主语+动词Childasheis,heknowsfiveforeignlanguages.Tryashemight,hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.Successfulasheis,heisnotproud.Hardthoughtheytried,theycouldn’tmakeherchangehermind.另外有asif/though、ifonly二、虚拟条件状语从句中的倒装1、在含有were,had,should的虚拟条件状语中,如果省略了连接词if,要求用倒装结构1)_______ right now,she would get there on Sunday.A)Would she leaveB)If she leavesC)Were she to leaveD)If she had left( 三、OnlyifIhavetimewillIgothere.四、nosoonerhad...than...,hardly/scarcelyhad...when...Nosoonerhadwearrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.五、ifhegoesthere,sowillI. 状语从句的省略(2011·烟台四校联考)________publishedfiftyyearsago,hisworkstillattractsmuchattentionatpresent.A.InspiteB.ThoughC.ApartfromD.Despite解析:考查状语从句。句意为:尽管他的作品是在50年前出版的,但现在依然受到广泛关注。此处为省略的状语从句,其主语是hiswork,还原完整为:Thoughhisworkwaspublishedfiftyyearsago,hisworkstillattractsmuchattentionatpresent.C、D两项为介词,后面应跟名词或者名词短语,A项常用于inspiteof短语。答案:Bonce (he was)a worker ,pang long now becomes a famous singer_____moretime,hecouldhavedonetheworkmuchbetter.A.TobegiveB.TogiveC.GivenD.Giving(Onemorehour)andI'llgettheworkfinished. 1.(2010·辽宁卷)TheoldmanaskedLucytomovetoanotherchair________hewantedtositnexttohiswife.A.althoughB.unlessC.becauseD.if解析:句意为:那位老人请Lucy换坐另一个椅子,因为他想挨着他妻子坐。本题考查状语从句引导词。由句意分析前后为因果关系,所以选because。A.尽管;B.除非;C.因为;D.如果。答案:C 2.(2010·上海卷)________youmayhave,youshouldgatheryourcouragetofacethechallenge.A.HoweveraseriousproblemB.WhataseriousproblemC.HoweverseriousaproblemD.Whatseriousaproblem解析:句意为:不论你的问题有多严重,你都应该鼓起勇气,接受挑战。考查状语从句。分析题干可知逗号前是让步状语从句,what不能用来引导状语从句,所以排除B、D两项;however+adj.+a/an+单数名词=whatever+a/an+adj.+单数名词,故C项正确。答案:C 3.(2010·四川卷)Becauseoftheheavytraffic,itwasalreadytimeforlunchbreak________shegottoheroffice.A.sinceB.thatC.WhenD.until解析:句意为:因为路上堵车,她到办公室时已经是吃午饭的时间了。本题考查状语从句。只有C项符合句意。答案:C 4.(2010·安徽卷)Theengineersaresobusythattheyhavezerotimeforoutdoorsportsactivities,________theyhavetheinterest.A.whereverB.wheneverC.evenifD.asif解析:句意为:工程师们如此忙碌,以至于没时间做户外活动,即使他们对做户外活动很感兴趣。本题考查连词。evenif即使,引导让步状语从句。wherever无论什么地方;whenever无论什么时候;asif好像。答案:C 5.(2010·北京卷)________theydecidewhichcollegetogoto,studentsshouldresearchtheadmissionprocedures.A.AsB.WhileC.UntilD.Once解析:句意为:一旦学生们决定了要上哪所大学,他们就应该研究申请此大学的程序了。本题考查状语从句。as当……时,由于;while当……时,尽管;until直到;once一旦。根据句意选择D项。答案:D 6.(2010·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Thelittleboywon’tgotosleep________hismothertellshimastory.A.orB.unlessC.butD.whether解析:句意为:除非妈妈给他讲故事,否则小男孩就不去睡觉。本题考查连词。or或者,否则;unless除非;but但,除……之外;whether是否。根据语境可知,这里用unless表示“除非……否则……”。答案:B 7.(2010·山东卷)Theschoolrulesstatethatnochildshallbeallowedoutoftheschoolduringtheday,________accompaniedbyanadult.A.onceB.whenC.ifD.unless解析:句意为:学校制度规定:在白天,除非有大人陪同,否则不允许孩子走出校园。考查状语从句。A.一旦;B.当……的时候;C.如果;D.除非。答案:D 8.(2010·福建卷)Thegirlhadhardlyrungthebell________thedoorwasopenedsuddenly,andherfriendrushedouttogreether.A.beforeB.untilC.asD.since解析:句意为:这个女孩刚一按门铃,门就突然打开了,她的朋友冲出来迎接她。本题考查固定句型hardly...when/before...,意为“一……就……”。答案:A 9.(2009·江苏卷)________unemploymentandcrimearehigh,itcanbeassumedthatthelatterisduetotheformer.A.BeforeB.WhereC.UnlessD.Until解析:句意为:在失业率和犯罪率高的地方,可以想像得到,后者是由前者引起的。Before在……之前;Where在……地方;Unless除非;Until直到。答案:B 10.(2009·福建卷)Shehadjustfinishedherhomework________hermotheraskedhertopractiseplayingthepianoyesterday.A.whenB.whileC.afterD.since解析:句意为:昨天她刚做完作业,她妈妈就让她练钢琴。when在本句中作并列连词,意为:andatthattime。while作并列连词,表示“对比转折”;after为从属连词或介词,意为“在……之后”;since自从……时候,既然……。答案:A 练规范、练技能、练速度