ibt新托福真题wq

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1、目录1.APPLIEDARTSANDFINEARTS3THEORIGINSOFCETACEANS7DESERTFORMATION12EARLYCINEMA17AGGRESSION22ARTISANSANDINDUSTRIALIZATION27SWIMMINGMACHINES32NINETEENTH-CENTURYPOLITICSINTHEUNITEDSTATES37THEEXPRESSIONOFEMOTIONS42GEOLOGYANDLANDSCAPE47GROUNDWATER52THEORIGINSOFTHEATER57TIMB

2、ERLINEVEGETATIONONMOUNTAINS62ARCHITECTURE67DepletionoftheOgallalaAquifer72TheLong-TermStabilityofEcosystems78OpportunistsandCompetitors83LascauxCavePaintings88ElectricityfromWind93DeerPopulationsofthePugetSound98CaveArtinEurope104PetroleumResources110MeteoriteImpactan

3、dDinosaurExtinction116MINERALSANDPLANTS122THEORIGINOFTHEPACIFICISLANDPEOPLE127THECAMBRIANEXPLOSION133PoweringtheIndustrialRevolution139WilliamSmith145InfantileAmnesia150TheGeologicHistoryoftheMediterranean155AncientRomeandGreece160320Agriculture,Iron,andtheBantuPeople

4、s165THERISEOFTEOTIHUACAN171EXTINCTIONOFTHEDINOSAURS177RUNNINGWATERONMARS183ColonizingtheAmericasviatheNorthwestCoast188REFLECTIONINTEACHING194THEARRIVALOFPLANTLIFEINHAWAII200FEEDINGHABITSOFEASTAFRICANHERBIVORES205LOIEFULLER210GREENICEBERGS215ChinesePottery220Variation

5、sintheClimate226Seventeenth-CenturyEuropeanEconomicGrowth232AncientEgyptianSculpture238OrientationandNavigation243BeggingbyNestlings249WhichHandDidTheyUse?255TransitiontoSoundinFilm261WaterintheDesert267TypesofSocialGroups272BiologicalClocks277MethodsofStudyingInfantP

6、erception283ChildrenandAdvertising289MayaWaterProblems294PastoralisminAncientInnerEurasia299AWarm-BloodedTurtle304MassExtinctions309GlacierFormation315320APPLIEDARTSANDFINEARTSAlthoughwenowtendtorefertothevariouscraftsaccordingtothematerialsusedtoconstructthem-clay,gl

7、ass,wood,fiber,andmetal-itwasoncecommontothinkofcraftsintermsoffunction,whichledtotheirbeingknownasthe"appliedarts."Approachingcraftsfromthepointofviewoffunction,wecandividethemintosimplecategories:containers,sheltersandsupports.Thereisnowayaroundthefactthatcontainers

8、,shelters,andsupportsmustbefunctional.Theappliedartsarethusboundbythelawsofphysics,whichpertaintoboththematerialsusedintheir