朗德科技声学测试培训2 noise_measurements2-44

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1、噪声测量第二部分：噪声对人们的影响柯珂1-Subjectivephenomenon.Sound/noise声音/噪声的主观现象Soundaffectdifferentpeopleindifferentways.Theperceptionofsoundissubjectivelyinterpreteddependingonthemoonofeachandthestateoftiredness….声音以各种方式影响着人们，声音的感知主观上依赖于人们自身的心理、生理状态，愉快、疲劳……Enjoyablesound令人愉悦的声音Unwantedsound让人反感的声

2、音Communication/warn交谈/报警声Thereforeanindividualwillmakesubjectivejudgmentaboutvariousnoiseswhichimpingehim.因此，每个人都会对噪声作出自己的主观判断。Soundallowhumanbeingtomakequalityevaluationsanddiagnoses.人们可以对声音品质作出评价和诊断。Howcanweobtainobjectivemeasuresofthesesubjectiveeffects?那么如何对这些主观影响进行客观测量呢？Rating

3、ofthesoundsintermsofannoyingfeelings(loudness,sharpness,roughness,tonality….)meansofcomparingsoundsunderdifferentconditions.可以根据声音烦恼度不同(评价参数包括:响度、尖锐度、粗糙度、音调)或不同条件下各种声音间的对比,将其划分为不同等级。Measurementofthehearingdamage(audiometry)测量听力损害度(听力计)Allowtoreducenoisefromanyenvironment(airport,tr

4、ainstation,factories..)减少各种环境中的噪声(机场、火车站、工厂)2-Humanhearingsystem人类的听觉系统Humanhearrespondspredominantlytoairbornenoise=pressurechanges人耳对空气噪声的响应=气压变化Pressurevariationisanadequatenoisemeasurementquantitybecause:压力变化可用来充分度量噪声的原因是：Theauditorysystemrespondstopressurechanges听觉系统对声压的变化有响应M

5、echanicalstructuresrespondstopressure机械结构对压力有响应Easiestacousticquantitytomeasure.Frompressure,soundintensityandpowercanbeevaluated.可用于测量最简单的声学量。通过测量声压，可以估计出声强度和声能量。3.Nonlinearityofthehearresponse人耳的非线性响应Theauditorysystemsensitivityvarieswithfrequencies听觉系统的灵敏度会随着声音频率不同而发生变化。Speechra

6、nge:200Hz---6000Hz语音频率范围：200Hz---6000HzSpeechintelligibilityrange:500Hz---4000Hz清晰语音频率范围：500Hz---4000HzLowfrequenciesneedmore“energy”orsoundpressureleveltobeheardthansoundwithin1kHz-5kHz.与频率在1kHz-5kHz之间的声音相比，低频声音往往需要具有更高的能量或者更高声压级时，才能被人们听见。Totakeintoaccountofthenonlinearityoftheear

7、responseatlowFrequencies,theA-weightingcurveisoftenused.通常用A计权曲线来更好地说明人耳在低频段的非线性响应特性。AweightingcurveA计权曲线FrequencyHzAweightingdBFrequencyHzAweightingdB20-50.5800-0.825-44.71000031.5-39.412500.640-34.61600150-30.220001.263-26.225001.380-22.531501.2100-19.140001125-16.150000.5160-13.

8、46300-0.1200-10.98000-1.12