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ID:5414142
大小:2.81 MB
页数:7页
时间:2017-12-10
《托福阅读――事实否定题(十七)》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、智课网托福备考资料托福阅读――事实否定题(十七)InfantileAmnesiaWhatdoyourememberaboutyourlifebeforeyouwerethree?Fewpeoplecanrememberanythingthathappenedtothemintheirearlyyears.Adults'memoriesofthenextfewyearsalsotendtobescanty.Mostpeoplerememberonlyafewevents—usuallyonesthatweremeaningfulanddistincti
2、ve,suchasbeinghospitalizedorasibling’sbirth.Howmightthisinabilitytorecallearlyexperiencesbeexplained?Thesheerpassageoftimedoesnotaccountforit;adultshaveexcellentrecognitionofpicturesofpeoplewhoattendedhighschoolwiththem35yearsearlier.Anotherseeminglyplausibleexplanation—thatinf
3、antsdonotformenduringmemoriesatthispointindevelopment—alsoisincorrect.Childrentwoandahalftothreeyearsoldrememberexperiencesthatoccurredintheirfirstyear,andelevenmontholdsremembersomeeventsayearlater.Nordoesthehypothesisthatinfantileamnesiareflectsrepression—orholdingback—ofsexu
4、allychargedepisodesexplainthephenomenon.Whilesuchrepressionmayoccur,peoplecannotrememberordinaryeventsfromtheinfantandtoddlerperiodseither.Threeotherexplanationsseemmorepromising.Oneinvolvesphysiologicalchangesrelevanttomemory.Maturationofthefrontallobesofthebraincontinuesthrou
5、ghoutearlychildhood,andthispartofthebrainmaybecriticalforrememberingparticularepisodesinwaysthatcanberetrievedlater.Demonstrationsofinfants’andtoddlers'long-termmemoryhaveinvolvedtheirrepeatingmotoractivitiesthattheyhadseenordoneearlier,suchasreachinginthedarkforobjects,putting
6、abottleinadoll’smouth,orpullingaparttwopiecesofatoy.Thebrain’slevelofphysiologicalmaturationmaysupportthesetypesofmemories,butnotonesrequiringexplicitverbaldescriptions.Asecondexplanationinvolvestheinfluenceofthesocialworldonchildren’slanguageuse.Hearingandtellingstoriesaboutev
7、entsmayhelpchildrenstoreinformationinwaysthatwillendureintolaterchildhoodandadulthood.Throughhearingstorieswithaclearbeginning,middle,andendingchildrenmaylearntoextractthegistofeventsinwaysthattheywillbeabletodescribemanyyearslater.Consistentwiththisview,parentsandchildrenincre
8、asinglyengageindiscussionsofpasteventswhenchildrenarea
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