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1、定语从句一.定语从句的三个概念1.定语从句:修饰一个名词或代词的句子/用来做定语的句子叫定语从句2.关系词:引出定语从句的词叫关系词3.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。二.关系词在从句中代替先行词1.关系词本身没有词义,代替先行词的词义2.必须充当定语从句中的一个成分3.根据它在定语从句中所充当的成分将引导定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词三.关系词的选择引导定语从句的关系代词有:who,whom,whose,that,which,as等，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分1.先行词是人时的三种情况:(1)先
2、行词是人,从句中缺少主语时,用who或that作从句的主语e.g.Ihaveafriendwho/thatlikeslisteningtoclassicmusic.注意：1)当先行词是one,ones,anybody,anyone,all,none,those,people等指人时,一般用who,不用thate.g.Thosewhowanttogotothecinemawillhavetowaitatthegateoftheschool.2)在以疑问词who开头的句子中,或关系代词在从句中作表语时,用that,不用whoe.g.Whoi
3、sthemanthatisshoutingthere?Sheisnotthegirlthatsheusedtobe.3)在therebe句型中,先行词是人,只能用whoe.g.Therearemanypeoplewhoaresinging.(2)先行词是人,从句中缺动词宾语或介词宾语时,用whom或that(介词后不用that)e.g.Theteacherwantstoreturnthebooktothegirlfromwhomheborrowedit.Theteacherwantstoreturnthebooktothegirl(wh
4、om/that)heborroweditfrom.(3)先行词是人,从句中缺少定语时,用whosee.g.Doyouknowtheboywhoseparentsareonholiday?2.先行词是物时的三种情况:(1)先行词是物,从句中缺少主语时,用that,whiche.g.You’dbetternotdrinkwaterwhich/thathasnotbeenboiled.(2)先行词是物,从句中缺少动词宾语或介词宾语时,用which或that,注意介词后不用thate.g.ThisisthehouseinwhichonceLuX
5、unlived.Thisisthehouse(which/that)onceLuXunlivedin.(3)先行词是物,且从句中缺少定语时,用whose或the+名词+ofwhich的结构e.g.Westudyintheclassroomwhosedoor/thedoorofwhichfacessouth.3.下列情况下,只用that,不用which引导定语从句(1)先行词是不定代词,如all,none,little,few,much,one,some,anything,nothingeverything,something等e.g.I
6、sthereanythingthatyouwant?(2)先行词被all,no,every,some,little,few,much,oneof,theonly,thevery,theright,thesame等所修饰时e.g.Theonlythingthatherememberedwashername.(3)先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时e.g.ThisisthefirstfilmthatI’veseensinceIcamehere.SheisthemostbeautifulgirlthatIhadknown.(4)先行词中既有
7、人又有物时e.g.Theytalkedabouttheteachersandthethings(that)theyrememberedintheschool.(5)以which开头的疑问句中,多用that引导从句e.g.Whichisyourbookthatyoualwaysread.引导定语从句的关系副词有:when,where,why,在定语从句中充当状语的成分,即在从句中起副词和介词短语的作用1.Wheree.g.Thisisthehouse.Iwasborninthehouse.=ThisisthehousewhereIwasb
8、orn.(where代替先行词house)=Thisisthehousewhich/that/不填Iwasbornin.=ThisisthehouseinwhichIwasborn.2.whene.g.We
