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1、谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。语法一致原则1.主语是不可数名词、单数名词或代词时,谓语动词用单数;主语是复数名词或代词时,谓语动词用复数。如:Heexerciseseveryday.他每天做运动。Theyexerciseeveryday.他们每天做运动。Hegoestoschoolearlyeverymorning.Thechildrenareplayingoutside.2.and或both...and...
2、连接名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。如:HeandJerryarestudents.他和杰瑞都是学生。BothheandIareright.MrBlackandMrsBlackhaveasoncalledTom.注意:(1)当and连接的两个名词指同一个人或物、概念时,谓语动词用单数。如:Thewriterandsingerwasinvitedtotheparty.那位作家兼歌手被邀请参加派对。Histeacherandfriendisabeautifulgirl.Thepoetandwriterha
3、scome.(2)当and连接的名词被each,every或no修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如:Eachboyandeachgirlwasgivenanapplejustnow.刚才每位男生和女生都得到了一个苹果。Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.Eachmanandeachwomanisaskedtohelp.3.当主语后面跟有with,without,togetherwith,alongwith,except,besid
4、es,but,aswellas,like,including等介词短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致(即“就远原则”)。如:Susanwithherfamilyworksonthefarm.苏珊和她的家人在田里干活。HeaswellasIisresponsibleforit.不但是我,他对这件事也有责任。Theteacherwithhisstudentsisgoingtovisitthemuseum.Nobodybuttwoboyswaslateforclass.Breadandbutterisadaily
5、foodinthewest.4.动词不定式、动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:Tobeapilotishisdream.成为一名飞行员是他的梦想。Toworkhardisnecessaryforastudent.5.由不定代词either,neither,each,one,everyone,someone,anyone,noone,somebody,anybody,everybody,something,anything,nothing,everything等作主语或修饰主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。如:Ev
6、erybodyishere.所有人都到齐了。Iseverybodyready?Somebodyisusingthephone.6.一些只有复数形式的名词,如people(people指“民族”时除外),police,cattle,clothes等形式上是单数但意义上是复数,作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。如:Thepolicearerunningafterathief.警察们正在追赶一个小偷。Alotofpeoplearedancingoutside.Thepolicearelookingforthelostbo
7、y.意义一致原则1.news以及科目名称maths,physics,politics等,本身不表示复数意义,作主语时谓语动词用单数。如:Ithinkphysicsisaninterestingsubject.我认为物理是一门有趣的学科。2.有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors,pants等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:Wherearemyshoes?Ican’tfindthem.Yourtrousersaredirty.You’db
8、etterchangethem.但当它们前面有pairof,kindof等量词修饰时,则根据量词的单复数来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。如:Herearesomenewpairsofshoes.Mynewpairofsocksisonthebed.Thiskindofshoesisnew.这种款式的鞋子是新的。Mynewshoesareverybeautiful.我的新鞋很漂亮。3.表示时间、长度、距离