chapter1 & charpter2 thinking like an economist

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1、AnIntroductionofEconomicsByChenFengRules:DonotbelateforclassHavenochancetotakethisexamifyouskipmyclassmorethanthreetimesDonotusephonesinmyclassEmail:glassangel20042008@yahoo.com.cnTel:13515649910Whatiseconomics?Tenprinciplesofeconomics2011年7月10日，海南临高县南宝镇，一些蕉农在清洗香蕉，将

2、成熟的香蕉丢弃在地或喂猪，未成熟的收割后等待买主。据了解，海南香蕉6月份收购价格下滑，临高南宝镇跌至每斤0.25元，远低于每斤0.8元生产成本价。至今，数十万斤香蕉滞销。据海南省农业厅分析，年初低温影响致海南“冬蕉”、“春蕉”迭加上市，两广及进口香蕉以及内地水果上市，“乙烯利事件”对消费者负面影响未消除是海南香蕉价格下跌、销售困难的三大原因。2011年七月份，高铁频发事故，对机票的影响是什么？为什么会有这样的影响？WhatisEconomics?Whatiseconomy?经济学..miceconomics什么是经济.do

3、cThewordeconomycomesfromtheGreekwordfor“onewhomanagesahousehold”.Sohouseholdsandeconomieshavemuchincommon.(举例)在《牛奶可乐经济学》更是列举了很多身边的小事。Eg:为什么酒吧中不值钱的水要收费而花生米却免费？为什么女模特的收入高于男模特？为什么鲸鱼濒临灭绝而鸡却不会？为什么几乎全新的二手车比新车便宜的多？scarcitychoicehowOpportunitycost≠costWaysofmanagingresource

4、sPlaneconomyMarketeconomyWesteconomics(What,how,when,whom)Themanagementofsociety’sresourcesisimportantbecauseresourcesarescarce.Scarcitymeansthatsocietyhaslesstoofferthanpeoplewishtohave.Justasahouseholdcannotgiveeveryoneheorshewants,asocietycannotgiveeveryindividua

5、lthehigheststandardoflivingtowhichheorshemightaspire.Economicsisthestudyofhowsocietymanagesitsscarceresources.Economistsstudyhowpeoplemakedecisions;howpeopleinteractwithoneanother;andanalyzeforcesandtrendsthataffecttheeconomyasawhole.TenPrinciplesofEconomicsHowpeopl

6、emakedecisions?Howpeopleinteract?Howtheeconomyasawholeworks?HowPeopleMakeDecisions?Principle#1:peoplefacetradeoffsThereisasayinggoinglikethis:thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch.Togetonethingwelike,weusuallyhavetogiveupanotherthingthatwelike.Somakingdecisionsrequirestrad

7、ingoffonegoalagainstanother.(鱼和熊掌不可兼得)E.g.:time;income;“gunsandbutter”;acleanenvironmentandahighlevelofincome;efficiencyandequityHowPeopleMakeDecisions?Principle#2:thecostofsomethingiswhatyougiveuptogetitOpportunitycost:whatevermustbegivenuptoobtainsomeitem.Whenmaki

8、nganydecision,decisionmakersshouldbeawareoftheopportunitycoststhataccompanyeachpossibleaction.HowPeopleMakeDecisions?Principle#3:rationalp