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1、www.kaobo100.com中国考博辅导首选学校中央音乐学院考博英语模拟真题及其解析Theoriesofthevalueofartareoftwokinds,whichwemaycallextrinsicandintrinsic.Thefirstregardsartandtheappreciationofartasmeanstosomerecognizedmoralgood,whilethesecondregardsthemasvaluablenotinstrumentallybutasobjectsuntothem
2、selves.Itischaracteristicofextrinsictheoriestolocatethevalueofartinitseffectsonthepersonwhoappreciatesit.Artisheldtobeaformofeducation,perhapsaneducationoftheemotions.Inthiscase,itbecomesanopenquestionwhethertheremightnotbesomemoreeffectivemeanstothesameresult.(4
3、6)Alternatively,onemayattributeanegativevaluetoart,asPlatodidinhisRepublic,arguingthatarthasacorruptingordiseducativeeffectonthoseexposedtoit.Theextrinsicapproach,adoptedinmoderntimesbyLeoTolstoyinWhatIsArtin1896,hasseldomseemedwhollysatisfactory.Gengduoyuanxiaow
4、anzhengzhentijiqijiexiqinglianxiquanguomianfeizixundianhua:silinglingliuliubaliujiuqiba,huojiazixunqq:qiqierliuqibawusanqi(47)Philosophershaveconstantlysoughtforavalueinaestheticexperiencethatisuniquetoitandthat,therefore,couldnotbeobtainedfromanyothersource.Thee
5、xtremeversionofthisintrinsicapproachisthatassociatedwithWalterPater,OscarWilde,andtheFrenchSymbolists,andsummarizedintheslogan“artforart’ssake”.Suchthinkersandwritersbelievethatartisnotonlyanendinitselfbutalsoasufficientwww.kaobo100.com中国考博辅导首选学校justificationofit
6、self.(48)Theyalsoholdthatinordertounderstandartasitshouldbeunderstood,itisnecessarytoputasideallinterestsotherthananinterestintheworkitself.Betweenthosetwoextremeviewstherelies,onceagain,ahostofintermediatepositions.(49)Webelieve,forexample,thatworksofartmustbeap
7、preciatedfortheirownsake,butthat,intheactofappreciation,wegainfromthemsomethingthatisofindependentvalue.(50)Thusajokeislaughedatforitsownsake,eventhoughthereisanindependentvalueinlaughter,whichlightensourlivesbytakingusmomentarilyoutsideourselves.Whyshouldnotsome
8、thingsimilarbesaidofworksofart,manyofwhichaspiretobeamusinginjustthewaythatgoodjokesare?答案46.或者，人们可能会认为艺术具有负面的影响，像柏拉图在《理想国》一书中所认为的那样，艺术会影响那些接触它的人，使其堕落，或起不到教化作用
