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1、www.kaobo100.com中国考博辅导首选学校中央音乐学院考博英语模拟真题及其解析Theoriesofthevalueofartareoftwokinds,whichwemaycallextrinsicandintrinsic.Thefirstregardsartandtheappreciationofartasmeanstosomerecognizedmoralgood,whilethesecondregardsthemasvaluablenotinstrumentallybutasobjectsuntothemselves.Itischaracteristico
2、fextrinsictheoriestolocatethevalueofartinitseffectsonthepersonwhoappreciatesit.Artisheldtobeaformofeducation,perhapsaneducationoftheemotions.Inthiscase,itbecomesanopenquestionwhethertheremightnotbesomemoreeffectivemeanstothesameresult.(46)Alternatively,onemayattributeanegativevaluetoart,a
3、sPlatodidinhisRepublic,arguingthatarthasacorruptingordiseducativeeffectonthoseexposedtoit.Theextrinsicapproach,adoptedinmoderntimesbyLeoTolstoyinWhatIsArtin1896,hasseldomseemedwhollysatisfactory.Gengduoyuanxiaowanzhengzhentijiqijiexiqinglianxiquanguomianfeizixundianhua:silinglingliuliubal
4、iujiuqiba,huojiazixunqq:qiqierliuqibawusanqi(47)Philosophershaveconstantlysoughtforavalueinaestheticexperiencethatisuniquetoitandthat,therefore,couldnotbeobtainedfromanyothersource.TheextremeversionofthisintrinsicapproachisthatassociatedwithWalterPater,OscarWilde,andtheFrenchSymbolists,an
5、dsummarizedintheslogan“artforart’ssake”.Suchthinkersandwritersbelievethatartisnotonlyanendinitselfbutalsoasufficientwww.kaobo100.com中国考博辅导首选学校justificationofitself.(48)Theyalsoholdthatinordertounderstandartasitshouldbeunderstood,itisnecessarytoputasideallinterestsotherthananinterestinthew
6、orkitself.Betweenthosetwoextremeviewstherelies,onceagain,ahostofintermediatepositions.(49)Webelieve,forexample,thatworksofartmustbeappreciatedfortheirownsake,butthat,intheactofappreciation,wegainfromthemsomethingthatisofindependentvalue.(50)Thusajokeislaughedatforitsownsake,eventhoughther
7、eisanindependentvalueinlaughter,whichlightensourlivesbytakingusmomentarilyoutsideourselves.Whyshouldnotsomethingsimilarbesaidofworksofart,manyofwhichaspiretobeamusinginjustthewaythatgoodjokesare?答案46.或者，人们可能会认为艺术具有负面的影响，像柏拉图在《理想国》一书中所认为的那样，艺术会影响那些接触它的人，使其堕落，或起不到教化作用
