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1、TheBasicsofSolarPowerforProducingElectricityUsingsolarpowertoproduceelectricityisnotthesameasusingsolartoproduceheat.Solarthermalprinciplesareappliedtoproducehotfluidsorair.Photovoltaicprinciplesareusedtoproduceelectricity.Asolarpanelismadeofthenaturalele
2、ment,silicon,whichbecomeschargedelectricallywhensubjectedtosunlight.Solarpanelsaredirectedatsolarsouthinthenorthernhemisphereandsolarnorthinthesouthernhemisphere(theseareslightlydifferentthanmagneticcompassnorth-southdirections)atanangledictatedbythegeogr
3、aphiclocationandlatitudeofwheretheyaretobeinstalled.Typically,theangleofthesolararrayissetwithinarangeofbetweensite-latitude-plus15degreesandsite-latitude-minus15degrees,dependingonwhetheraslightwinterorsummerbiasisdesirableinthesystem.Manysolararraysarep
4、lacedatanangleequaltothesitelatitudewithnobiasforseasonalperiods.TheintensityoftheSun'sradiationchangeswiththehouroftheday,timeoftheyearandweatherconditions.Tobeabletomakecalculationsinplanningasystem,thetotalamountofsolarradiationenergyisexpressedinhours
5、offullsunlightperm,orPeakSunHours.Thisterm,PeakSunHours,representstheaverageamountofsunavailableperdaythroughouttheyear.Itispresumedthatat"peaksun",1000W/mofpowerreachesthesurfaceoftheearth.Onehouroffullsunprovides1000Whperm=1kWh/m-representingthesolarene
6、rgyreceivedinonehouronacloudlesssummerdayonaone-squaremetersurfacedirectedtowardsthesun.Toputthisinsomeotherperspective,theUnitedStatesDepartmentofEnergyindicatestheamountofsolarenergythathitsthesurfaceoftheearthevery+/-hourisgreaterthanthetotalamountofen
7、ergythattheentirehumanpopulationrequiresinayear.Anotherperspectiveisthatroughly100squaremilesofsolarpanelsplacedinthesouthwesternU.S.couldpowerthecountry.ThedailyaverageofPeakSunHours,basedoneitherfullyearstatistics,oraverageworstmonthoftheyearstatistics,
8、forexample,isusedforcalculationpurposesinthedesignofthesystem.ToseetheaveragePeakSunHoursforyourareaintheUnitedStates,U.S.-SolarInsolationChoosetheareaclosesttoyourlocationforagoodindicationofyouraveragePeakSunHours
