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1、“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句1,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型,介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,把介词置于关系代词前,即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。2.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有where,when,why等。3.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhose
2、fatherisadoctor.(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.一、基本构成1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中,关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人),即:介词+which/whom。(1)Themantowhomyouspokeisateacher.(2)Thecityinwhichshelivesisfaraway.(3)Thelittleg
3、irlisreadingabook,inwhichtherearemanycartoons.注意:当介词放在关系代词的前面时,用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。2.在定语从句中,当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时,可用that/which(指物);that/who/whom(指人)作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略。如:(1)Theman(who/whom/that)youspoketoisateacher.(2)Thecity(which/that)shelivesinisfaraway.注:通常介词放在定语从句中动
4、词后,也可以放在关系代词前面,但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分,介词只能放在动词后,如:lookfor,lookafter,payattentionto,takecareof,lookforwardto,listento等。Thisisthepen(that/which)youarelookingfor.Thepatient(who/whom/that)sheislookingafterisherfather.6Thewords(that/which)weshouldpayattentiontoarewrittenon
5、theblackboard.Therearefiftypatients(who/whom/that)wemusttakegoodcareof.练习:Arethesesentencesright?(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(2)Theman(who/that)youtalkedwithismyfriend.(3)Themanwithwho/thatyoutalkedismyfriend.(4)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfo
6、rtable.(5)TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(6)二、关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句。可用“介词+which”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词+先行词。其中when=表时间的介词(如:in,at,during等)+which;where=表地点的介词(如:in,at,on,under等)+which;why=表原因的介词(如:for)+which(1)当先行词表示时间,定语从句中缺少时间状语时,通常用关系副词when引导,此时也可选用
7、表示时间的介词+which来代替关系副词when。例如:IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.(ontheday=when)(2)当先行词表示地点,定语从句中缺少地点状语时,通常用关系副词where引导,此时也可选用表示地点的介词+which来代替关系副词where。例如:ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.(inthehouse=where)(3)当先行词为reason,定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时,通常用关系副词why引导,此时也可以用forwhich
8、来代替关系副词why。例如:Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.(forthereasons=why)三、关系代词前介词选择三原则:一先,二动,三意义(重中之重)1.一先,即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。IneverforgetthedayonwhichIcametothisschoo