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1、虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。I.虚拟语气用于状语从句1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句：（1）表示与过去事实相反的假设时从句中谓语用had+过去分词，主句谓语用would(could,should,might)+have+过去分词Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.(Ifithadrained,wewouldnothavegoneout.)（2）表示与现在事实相反的假设时从句中谓
2、语用过去式（be的过去式为were）,主句谓语用would(could,should,might)+动词原形。IfIwereyou,IshouldstudyEnglish.Ifhehadtime,hewouldattendthemeeting.(Ifitrainednow,wewouldnotgoout.)(3)表示与将来事实相反的假设时与（2）表与现在相反的假设相同，或用wereto+动词原形。Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifitshouldstopraining
3、,thecropwouldbesafe.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.(Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldnotgoout.)(Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoout.)(Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewoundnotgoout.)(4)当从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwo
4、uldbeallrightnow.(5)省略倒装式Hadyoubeenhereearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.=Ifyouhadbeenhereearlier…WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.=IfIwereinschoolagain…Shouldtherebeameetingtomorrow,Iwouldcome.=Ifthereshouldbeameetingtomorrow...Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldnotgo
5、out.=Wereittoraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoout.(6)用介词或介词短语代替条件从句，主句用法同（1）、（2）、（3）。Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthing.=Iftherewerenoair,therewouldbeno…(现在/将来)Butforyourhelp,Icouldn’thavedoneit.=Ifyouhadnothelpedme,Icouldn’thavedoneit.(过去)without…=butfor…=ifitwereno
6、t/hadnotbeenfor…Ifitwerenotfortheair,therewouldbenolivingthing.=Wereitnotfortheair…(现在/将来)Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp,Icouldn’thavedoneit.=Haditnotbeenforyourhelp…(过去)Wecouldhavesucceededearlierundermorefavorablecondition.Whobutafoolwouldbelievethat?Wedidn’tknowh
7、istelephonenumber,otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.(7)其它通过上下文体现条件的虚拟Givenmoretime,wewoulddoitbetter.Itwouldbewrongnottotakethisintoconsideration.Icouldcontinuetalkingaboutthis,butwemustgoontothenexttopic.Anybodyelsewouldhavedonethat.Supposeheneversaidthattoher
8、,whatwouldhappenthen?(假设他从来没跟她说过那样的话，那情况会是怎么样呢？) Supposeitrained,wewouldstillgo.(假如下雨的话，我们还是要去。)对比：Supposingitrains,wewillstillgo.Supposingitrained,wewouldstillgo.2.虚拟语气用于
