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1、虚拟语气知识要点一、语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语中有三种语气：1.陈述语气：表示谓语动词表示的动作/状态符合客观现实。2.祁使语气：表示号召、命令、建议、劝告、警告、禁止等。3.虚拟语气：表示动作/状态不是客观现实，而是愿望、假设、推测等。二、虚拟语气的构成If条件句主句与将来的事实相反①Should+动词原形②wereto+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形与现在的事实相反①动词过去式+…②were+…would/should/could/
2、might+动词原形与过去的事实相反①had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have+动词原形例：○与将来的事实相反：1.IfProfessorLishouldhavetimetomorrow,wecouldaskhimsomequestions.1.Ifthereshouldbenoair,therewouldbenolivingthings.2.Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,theycouldn’tgoout.○与现在的事实相反：1.Ifitrainednow,Iw
3、ouldnotgoshopping.2.IfIwereateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.3.Ifitwerenotfortheirhelp,weshouldbeinaverydifficultposition.○与过去的事实相反：1.IfIhadcomeyesterday,Iwouldhaveseenhim.2.Ifwehadstartedearlier,weshouldnothavemissedthetrain.3.Ifshehadn’tbeenill,shemight
4、havecome.***请注意三种特殊情况：○上面的句子大多都可以改成倒装句，这时If就省略了，同学们要能识别出来。如：1.Shouldtherebenoair,therewouldbenolivingthings.2.Wereitnotfortheirhelp,weshouldbeinaverydifficultposition.3.Hadshenotbeenill,shemighthavecome.○错综时间条件句。即，主句与从句所指的时间不一致。1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhis
5、advice.(从句指现在，主句指过去。)2.IfIhadtakenmyraincoatwithmethismorning,Iwouldnotbewetnow.(从句指过去，主句指现在。)○含蓄条件句。即，虚拟的情况并不以条件句表示出来，而是暗含在上下文中。1.Butforyouradvice,Icouldnothavedoneitsosuccessfully.2.Thechangecouldnothavetakenplacewithouttheopen-doorpolicy.3.Iwassobusythen,o
6、therwise,Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswer.4.Wecouldhavedonebetterundermorefavorableconditions.5.Youshouldhavebeenherefiveminutesago.三、were式虚拟○It’s(about/high)timethat…+过去式1.It’stimethatIpickedupmydaughter.2.It’shightimeweweregoing.3.It’shightimethatpeoplelearntEngl
7、ish.○would/hadratherthat…+过去式1.I’dratheryouwenttomorrow.2.I’dratheryouwerehappy.(***请注意：有时wouldrather也会接过去完成时。)1.I’dratheryouhadn’tsaidit.2.I’dratheryouhadbeenpresent.○asifasthoughevenifeventhough+过去完成时从句动作发生在过去+一般过去时从句动作发生在现在如：1.Youlooksasifyouhadseenaghost!
8、2.Hetalksasifhewereanexpertineconomics.3.Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.(***请注意：asif/though后的从句若表示真实情况时，用陈述语气，不用虚拟语气。如：Itseemsasiftheyknoweachother.)○虚拟语气用在ifonly引导的感叹句中，其后的
