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1、JonathanSwift(1667--1745)JonathanSwiftJonathanSwift,British’sgreatestsatirist,hasbeenseenbysomepeopleastheliterarykingofhisday.Hewrotealotofpowerfulsatiricalessaysandbooks,relentless(不留情的)andbitingwhendealingwiththeinjusticeandcorruptionoftherichandtheupperclass.Literaryterm:Sat
2、ireApieceofliteraturedesignedtoridiculethesubjectofthework,ideallywiththeintentofcorrecting,orchangingthesubjectofthesatiricattack.JonathanSwift’sWorks:Hismajorworks:ATaleofaTub(1704).《一个木桶的故事》BattleoftheBooks(1704).《书的战争》JournaltoStella(1710-13).《斯特拉日记》Gulliver'sTravels(1726).《
3、格列佛游记》AModestProposal(1729)《一个小小的建议》Gulliver’sTravelsGulliver’sTravelsItisasavage(猛烈抨击的)satireintheformofafabulous(寓言般的)travelogue(游记).Maincharacter：CaptainLemuelGulliverItcontainsfourparts:Thefirstpart:“AVoyagetoLilliput”Thesecondpart:“AVoyagetoBrobdingnag”Thethirdpart:“AVoyage
4、toLaputa,Balnibari,Glubbdubdrid,Luggnagg,andJapan”Thefourthpart:“AVoyagetotheCountryoftheHouyhnhnms”AVoyagetoLilliput(小人国)Madeupof8chaptersLilliputisanationofdwarfs(矮子).Theyareallsix-inchestall.Inthiscountry,therearetwoparties,whicharedistinguishedbytheuseofhighandlowheels.(obvi
5、ouslyhereSwiftsatirizestheTories(托利派)andtheWhigs(辉格党)inEngland).托利派和辉格党：托利党：1679—1681年间在英国议会中形成的政治派别。托利党在日后发展成为英国的保守党（ConservativeParty）辉格党：英国辉格党产生于17世纪末，19世纪中叶演变为英国自由党。英国两大执政党：保守党、工党（LabourParty）AVoyagetoLilliputTherearecivilstrife(冲突)andwarbetweenLilliputandtheneighboringcount
6、ryduetoanargument“Shouldeggsbebrokenatthebigendoratthelittleend”(hereSwiftlaughsatthereligiouscontroversies(论战)betweentheCatholics(基督教会)andtheProtestants(新教徒:指16世纪脱离罗马天主教之基督教团体或后来由其形成的教派成员)inEngland).What’smore,inthiscountry,chiefministersandcandidates(候选人)aregivingjobsinaccorda
7、ncewith(依照)theirskillindancingonaropeorinleapingoverastick......(hereSwiftcriticizesthecorruptionsoftheEnglishrulingclass.)LilliputisaminiatureofEngland.Swift’ssatireisdirectedagainsttheEnglishrulingclass,thetwopoliticalparties,andthereligiousdisputes(争论)。AVoyagetoBrobdingnag(大人
8、国)Madeupof8chaptersInthispart,Gullivervisitsthe
