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时间:2017-12-08
《灌溉方式对减轻水稻高温危害的作用》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、万方数据作物学报ACTAAGRONOMICASINICAISSN0496—3490;CODENTSHPA9http://www.chinacrops.org/zwxb/E—mail:xbzw@chinajournal.net.caDoI:10.3724,SP.J.1006.2012.00107灌溉方式对减轻水稻高温危害的作用段骅俞正华徐云姬王志琴刘立军杨建昌4扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009摘要:为探明灌溉方式对减缓水稻高温危害的影响,以中籼水稻品种黄华占和双桂1号为材料,在抽穗灌浆期
2、进行高温(白天腋间平均温度为35.1。C/20.8℃)和正常温度(白天/夜间平均温度为29.0"C120.8℃)处理并设置轻干湿交替灌溉(土壤落干至土水势为一15kPa时复水)、重干湿交替灌溉(土壤落干至土水势为~30kPa时复水)和水层灌溉(对照)3种灌溉方式,观测产量和品质形成的特点。结果表明,在相同温度尤其是在高温胁迫下,与水层灌溉相比,轻干湿交替灌溉显著增加结实率、千粒重和产量,增加出糙率、精米率和整精米率,降低垩白米率和垩白度,增大崩解值,减小消减值,重干湿交替灌溉的结果则相反。2个品种结果趋势基本一
3、致。说明抽穗结实期遭受高温胁迫,采用轻干湿交替灌溉方式可以获得较高的产量和较好的稻米品质。冠层相对湿度降低、叶片活性氧(0;)生成速率减小、抗氧化物质抗坏血酸和还原型谷胱甘肽含量增加、内源细胞分裂素浓度及籽粒亚精胺和精胺浓度的提高是轻干湿交替灌溉方式减轻水稻高温危害的重要生态生理原因。关键词:水稻;高温;灌溉方式;产量;品质;生理机制RoleofIrrigationPatternsinReducingHarmsofHighTemperaturetoRiceDUANHua,YUZheng.Hua,XUYun.Ji
4、,WANGZhi—Qin,LIULi.Jun,andYANGJian.Chang+KeyLaboratoryofCropGeneticsandPhysiologyofJiangsuProvince,YangzhouUniversity,Yangzhou225009,ChinaAbstract:Possibleirrigationpatternstoreducetheinjuryofhightemperaturetoricegrowthanddevelopmentwerestudiedusingtwomid—se
5、asonindicacultivarsofHuanghuazhanandShuangguil.Bothhightemperature(meantemperatureduringtheday/nightat35.1*C/20.8。C)andnormaltemperature(meautemperatureduringtheday/nightat29.0"C/20.8。C)treatmentsandthreeirrigationpatterns,includingalternatewettingandmoderat
6、esoildrying(MD,plantswerere-wateredwhensoilwaterpoten—tialreachedto-15kPa),alternatewettingandseveresoildrying(SD,plantswerere—wateredwhensoilwaterpotentialreachedto-30kPa),andwell—watered(control,continuouslyflooded),wereconducmdduringheadingandgrainlilting
7、.Thegrainyield蕊dqualityofricewereinvestigated.Theresultsshowedthatundereithernormalorhightemperature,comparedwiththecontrol,theMDsignificantlyincreasedseed·settingrate,1000-grainweight,grainyield,brownrice,milledriceandheadrice,andreducedchalkygrainsandchalk
8、inessdegree.TheMDalsoincreasedthebreakdownviscosityanddecreasedthesetbackviscosity.TheSDshowedtheoppositeeffects.Thetwocultivarsbehavedthesame.TheseresultsindicatedthattheMDmaymaintainahighergmi
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